{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:32:55Z","timestamp":1790454775541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Respiratory infections are common causes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease (AECOPD). We explored whether the pathogens causing AECOPD and clinical features changed from before to after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We reviewed the medical records of patients hospitalized with AECOPD at four university hospitals between January 2017 and December 2018 and between January 2021 and December. We evaluated 1180 patients with AECOPD for whom medication histories were available. After the outbreak, the number of patients hospitalized with AECOPD was almost 44% lower compared with before the outbreak. Patients hospitalized with AECOPD after the outbreak were younger (75 vs. 77\u00a0years,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003) and more often stayed at home (96.6% vs. 88.6%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than patients of AECOPD before the outbreak. Hospital stay was longer after the outbreak than before the outbreak (10 vs. 8\u00a0days.\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After the COVID-19 outbreak, the identification rates of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15.3 vs. 6.2%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and\n                    <jats:italic>Hemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6.4 vs. 2.4%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) decreased, whereas the identification rates of\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (9.4 vs. 13.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023),\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.3 vs. 9.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004), and methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1.0 vs. 2.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023) increased. After the outbreak, the identification rate of influenza A decreased (10.4 vs. 1.0%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023). After the outbreak, the number of patients hospitalized with AECOPD was lower and the identification rates of community-transmitted pathogens tended to decrease, whereas the rates of pathogens capable of chronic colonization tended to increase. During the period of large-scale viral outbreaks that require quarantine, patients with AECOPD might be given more consideration for treatment against strains that can colonize chronic respiratory disease rather than community acquired pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61360-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T07:02:05Z","timestamp":1715065325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Respiratory pathogen and clinical features of hospitalized patients in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after COVID 19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Soo Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Rim","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwan Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Youl","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soojie","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Su","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"61360_CR1","unstructured":"GOLD. 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Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive respiratory infection surveillance initiative: A prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit. Health 3, e360\u2013e370 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"61360_CR7","first-page":"572","volume":"8","author":"C Trujillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trujillo, C., Garnet, B., Zadeh, A. V., Urdaneta, G. & Campos, M. Decrease in exacerbations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a cohort of veterans with COPD. Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis. 8, 572\u2013579 (2021).","journal-title":"Chronic Obstr. Pulm. Dis."},{"key":"61360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9972","volume":"324","author":"A Baum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baum, A. & Schwartz, M. D. 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