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However, its specific impact on the cochlea remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-\u03b2 signaling suppression on auditory function and cochlear pathology in mice with kanamycin-induced ototoxicity. Kanamycin and furosemide (KM-FS) were systemically administered to 8-week-old C57\/BL6 mice, followed by immediate topical application of a TGF-\u03b2 receptor inhibitor (TGF-\u03b2RI) onto the round window membrane. Results showed significant TGF-\u03b2 receptor upregulation in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) after KM-FA ototoxicity, whereas expression levels in the TGF-\u03b2RI treated group remained unchanged. Interestingly, despite no significant change in cochlear TGF-\u03b2 expression after KM-FS ototoxicity, TGF-\u03b2RI treatment resulted in a significant decrease in TGF-\u03b2 signaling. Regarding auditory function, TGF-\u03b2RI treatment offered no therapeutic effects on hearing thresholds and hair cell survival following KM-FS ototoxicity. However, SGN loss and macrophage infiltration were significantly increased with TGF-\u03b2RI treatment. These results imply that inhibition of TGF-\u03b2 signaling after KM-FS ototoxicity promotes cochlear inflammation and SGN degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61630-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:01:56Z","timestamp":1715608916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Suppression of the TGF-\u03b2 signaling exacerbates degeneration of auditory neurons in kanamycin-induced ototoxicity in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Nitta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaomi","family":"Kurioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Mogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"61630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692762","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.692762","volume":"15","author":"X Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu, X. et al. 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