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The TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET, FESEM, HRTEM, TGA, UV\u2012vis DRS and PL to understand their crystallographic, surface morphology, and optical characteristics. The Raman spectra showed a blue shift of E<jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>1g<\/jats:sub>, and B<jats:sub>1g<\/jats:sub> peaks upon incorporation of FeBTC MOF onto TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. HRTEM and XRD analysis confirmed a mixture of TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nanospheres and hexagonal FeBTC MOF morphologies with high crystallinity. The incorporation of FeBTC onto TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> improved the surface area as confirmed by BET results, which resulted in improved absorption in the visible region as a results of reduced bandgap energy from 3.2 to 2.84\u00a0eV. The PL results showed a reduced intensity for TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC (6%) sample, indicating improved separation of electron hole pairs and reduced recombination rate. After fabrication of the TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC MOF photoanode, the charge transfer kinetics were enhanced at TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC MOF (6%) with Rp value of 966\u00a0\u03a9, as given by EIS studies. This led to high performance due to low charge resistance. Hence, high power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 0.538% for TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC (6%) was achieved, in comparison with other loadings. This was attributed to a relatively high surface area which allowed more charge shuttling and thus better electrical response. Conversely, upon increasing the FeBTC MOF loading to 8%, significant reduction in efficiency (0.478%) was obtained, which was attributed to sluggish charge transfer and fast electron\u2013hole pair recombination rate. The TiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013FeBTC (6%) may be a good candidate for use in DSSCs as a photoanode materials for improved efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61701-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T10:02:06Z","timestamp":1715940126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Enhanced optical and electrochemical properties of FeBTC MOF modified TiO2 photoanode for DSSCs application"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Moloto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pontsho","family":"Mbule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Nxumalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulelwa","family":"Ntsendwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"61701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1913\/1\/012053","author":"MV Dambhare","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dambhare, M. 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