{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:35:22Z","timestamp":1793370922875,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluates the efficacy of 3D-printed band and loop space maintainers (3D-BLSMs) to mitigate concerns caused by early primary tooth loss in children when compared to their conventional equivalents. Over 9\u00a0months, 62 participants aged 6 to 12\u00a0years participated in a randomized clinical study. This study evaluated their failure rates (de-cementation, debonding, solder breakage, loop breakage, band breakage, and abutment tooth fracture), gingival health, and patient overall satisfaction. Random assignments were made to place the participants in two groups: traditional band and loop space maintainers or the 3D-BLSMs. The findings show that at 9\u00a0months, 3D-BLSMs provided significantly higher survival rates (77.4%) than conventional maintainers (51.6%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Gum inflammation was mild in both groups, highlighting the need for good oral hygiene. In both groups, patient satisfaction exceeded 90%. Although there was some pain at first with 3D-BLSMs, this eventually subsided and aesthetic preferences disappeared. There were no negative consequences noted, and both groups needed ongoing dental treatment. In conclusion, with excellent patient satisfaction in both groups, 3D-printed space maintainers offer greater long-term durability in reducing dental concerns following early primary tooth loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61743-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T16:04:37Z","timestamp":1718726677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effectiveness of traditional band and loop space maintainer vs 3D-printed space maintainer following the loss of primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bhagyashree","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Maniangat","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian Agustin","family":"Wahjuningrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"61743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063386","volume":"19","author":"K Spodzieja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spodzieja, K. & Olczak-Kowalczyk, D. Premature loss of deciduous teeth as a symptom of systemic disease: A narrative literature review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19, 3386 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"61743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.3196.1","volume":"3","author":"V Moshkelgosha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moshkelgosha, V., Khosravifard, N. & Golkari, A. Tooth eruption sequence and dental crowding: A case-control study. F1000Research 3, 122 (2014).","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"61743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13101472","volume":"13","author":"N Watted","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watted, N. et al. Comprehensive deciphering the complexity of the deep bite: Insight from animal model to human subjects. J. Pers. Med. 13, 1472 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"61743_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14206215","volume":"14","author":"MM Luca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luca, M. M. et al. Space maintainers used in pediatric dentistry: An insight of their biosecurity profile by applying in vitro methods. Materials 14, 6215 (2021).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"61743_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1843","volume":"13","author":"N Agarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agarwal, N. & Agarwal, T. A modified removable space maintainer for compromised dentition of children: A case series. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 13, 722\u2013724 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2008.00951.x","volume":"19","author":"E Laing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laing, E., Ashley, P., Naini, F. B. & Gill, D. S. Space maintenance. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 19, 155\u2013162 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6998","DOI":"10.3390\/app13126998","volume":"13","author":"P Zarean","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zarean, P., Zarean, P., Sendi, P. & Neuhaus, K. W. Advances in the manufacturing process of space maintainers in pediatric dentistry: A systematic review from traditional methods to 3D-printing. Appl. Sci. 13, 6998 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.09.025","volume":"34","author":"K Khalaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalaf, K. et al. Clinical effectiveness of space maintainers and space regainers in the mixed dentition: A systematic review. Saudi Dent. J. 34, 75\u201386 (2022).","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"61743_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.56501\/intjpedorehab.v7i2.578","volume":"7","author":"ANA Sharanya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharanya, A. N. A. & Moses, J. 3-D printed space maintainers\u2014A review. Int. J. Pedodont. Rehabil. 7, 19\u201324 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pedodont. Rehabil."},{"key":"61743_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-015-0183-y","volume":"16","author":"MA Qudeimat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qudeimat, M. A. & Sasa, I. S. Clinical success and longevity of band and loop compared to crown and loop space maintainers. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 16, 391\u2013396 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2046","volume":"14","author":"V Rana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rana, V. et al. Comparison of the conventional band and loop space maintainers with modified space maintainers: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 14, S63\u2013S68 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS10.13567","volume":"1","author":"AA El-Awady","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Awady, A. A. & Badreldin, H. M. Children\u2019s satisfaction and survival rate of fiber-reinforced space maintainer versus band and loop space maintainer in children with premature loss of maxillary primary first molar. Int. J. Health Sci. 1, 643\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53730\/ijhs.v6nS10.13567 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2021\/512","volume":"10","author":"V Padmanabhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Padmanabhan, V. & Kishore, S. Fiber reinforced composite space maintainers versus band and loop space maintainers\u2014A systematic review. J. Evol. Med. Dent. Sci. 10, 2505\u20132510 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Evol. Med. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijdm.20180401.11","volume":"4","author":"HS Chandra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chandra, H. S., Krishnamoorthy, S. H., Johnson, J. S. & Prabhu, S. ILL effects of conventional band and loop space maintainers: Time to revolutionise. Int. Dent. Med. J. Adv. Res. 4, 1\u20133 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. Dent. Med. J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"61743_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2015.914","volume":"219","author":"A Dawood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dawood, A., Marti, B. M., Sauret-Jackson, V. & Darwood, A. 3D printing in dentistry. Br. Dent. J. 219, 521\u2013529 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"61743_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.04.004","volume":"16","author":"I Turkyilmaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turkyilmaz, I. & Wilkins, G. N. 3D printing in dentistry\u2014Exploring the new horizons. J. Dent. Sci. 16, 1037\u20131038 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201500168","volume":"4","author":"A Do","year":"2015","unstructured":"Do, A., Khorsand, B., Geary, S. M. & Salem, A. K. 3D printing of scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 4, 1742\u20131762 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"61743_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_9_19","volume":"37","author":"BA Pawar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawar, B. A. Maintenance of space by innovative three-dimensional-printed band and loop space maintainer. J. Indian Soc. Pedodont. Prev. Dent. 37, 205\u2013208 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Pedodont. Prev. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4625-45.3.1","volume":"45","author":"S Khanna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khanna, S., Rao, D., Panwar, S., Pawar, B. A. & Ameen, S. 3D printed band and loop space maintainer: A digital game changer in preventive orthodontics. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 45, 147\u2013151 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","volume":"21","author":"H L\u00f6e","year":"1963","unstructured":"L\u00f6e, H. & Silness, J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol. Scand. 21, 533\u2013551 (1963).","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"61743_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.9734\/BJAST\/2015\/14975","volume":"7","author":"A Joshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S. & Pal, D. Likert scale: Explored and explained. Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 7, 396\u2013403 (2015).","journal-title":"Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"61743_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2018.05.004","volume":"9","author":"DS Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, D. S., Srivastava, S. & Tandon, S. Preventive orthodontic approach for functional mandibular shift in early mixed dentition: A case report. J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res. 9, 209\u2013214 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"61743_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs7020080","volume":"7","author":"F Rezaie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rezaie, F. et al. 3D printing of dental prostheses: Current and emerging applications. J. Compos. Sci. 7, 80 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Compos. Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9950131","volume":"2021","author":"Y Tian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tian, Y. et al. A review of 3D printing in dentistry: Technologies, affecting factors, and applications. Scanning 2021, 1\u201319 (2021).","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"61743_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.270784","volume":"16","author":"D Tahririan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tahririan, D., Safaripour, M., Eshghi, A. & Bonyadian, A. H. Comparison of the longevity of prefabricated and conventional band and loops in children\u2019s primary teeth. Dent. Res. J. 16, 428\u2013434 (2019).","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"61743_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/IJDS.IJDS_76_17","volume":"10","author":"S Mittal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mittal, S. et al. Banded versus single-sided bonded space maintainers: A comparative study. Indian J. Dent. Sci. 10, 29 (2018).","journal-title":"Indian J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"61743_CR27","first-page":"e97","volume":"34","author":"E Tunc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tunc, E. et al. Evaluation of survival of 3 different fixed space maintainers. Pediatr. Dent. 34, e97\u2013e102 (2012).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1554","volume":"11","author":"SS Deshpande","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deshpande, S. S., Bendgude, V. D. & Kokkali, V. V. Survival of bonded space maintainers: A systematic review. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 11, 440\u2013445 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1245","volume":"7","author":"V Setia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Setia, V. & Kumar Pandit, I. Banded vs bonded space maintainers: Finding better way out. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 7, 97\u2013104 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262659","volume":"10","author":"IS Sasa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sasa, I. S., Hasan, A. A. & Qudeimat, M. A. Longevity of band and loop space maintainers using glass ionomer cement: A prospective study. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 10, 6\u201310 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17126\/joralres.2021.072","volume":"10","author":"H Arbildo-Vega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arbildo-Vega, H. et al. Survival rate of fixed space maintainers used in dentistry. Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Oral Res. 10, 1\u201310 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Oral Res."},{"key":"61743_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072238","volume":"9","author":"D Nesic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nesic, D., Schaefer, B. M., Sun, Y., Saulacic, N. & Sailer, I. 3D printing approach in dentistry: The future for personalized oral soft tissue regeneration. J. Clin. Med. 9, 2238 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"61743_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-023-02503-0","volume":"24","author":"DT Uchida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uchida, D. T. & Bruschi, M. L. 3D printing as a technological strategy for the personalized treatment of wound healing. AAPS PharmSciTech 24, 41 (2023).","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"61743_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15204122","volume":"15","author":"N Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, N. et al. Promising new horizons in medicine: Medical advancements with nanocomposite manufacturing via 3D printing. Polymers 15, 4122 (2023).","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"61743_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3331","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063331","volume":"19","author":"J Meyer-Szary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer-Szary, J. et al. The role of 3D printing in planning complex medical procedures and training of medical professionals\u2014Cross-sectional multispecialty review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19, 3331 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"61743_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000430787","volume":"24","author":"V Arikan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arikan, V., Kizilci, E., Ozalp, N. & Ozcelik, B. Effects of fixed and removable space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health, candidal and Enterococcus faecalis carriage. Med. Princ. Pract. 24, 311\u2013317 (2015).","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"61743_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1606","volume":"12","author":"ZS Hosseinipour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hosseinipour, Z. S., Poorzandpoush, K., Heidari, A. & Ahmadi, M. Assessment of periodontal parameters following the use of fixed and removable space maintainers in 6\u201312-year olds. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 12, 405\u2013409 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"61743_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00305-X","volume":"54","author":"DA Braunholtz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Braunholtz, D. A., Edwards, S. J. L. & Lilford, R. J. Are randomized clinical trials good for us (in the short term)? Evidence for a \u201ctrial effect\u201d. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 54, 217\u2013224 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"61743_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2019.18084","volume":"32","author":"MA Yavan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yavan, M. A., Kocahan, S., Ozdemir, S. & Sokucu, O. The effects of using plaque-disclosing tablets on the removal of plaque and gingival status of orthodontic patients. Turk. J. Orthod. 32, 207\u2013214 (2019).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Orthod."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-61743-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-61743-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-61743-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T16:12:51Z","timestamp":1718727171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-61743-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["61743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61743-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14081"}}