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For many years, humans were considered the only natural hosts for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>; however, it was recently discovered that wild Japanese macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca fuscata<\/jats:italic>) also serve as hosts for <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>. To elucidate the genetic characteristics of the <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic> strain MF1-1 isolated from a Japanese macaque, we determined the complete genome sequence of the strain and compared it with those of strain Toulouse from a human and strain RM-11 from a rhesus macaque. General genomic features and orthologous gene cluster profiles are similar among the three strains, and strain MF1-1 is genetically closer to strain RM-11 than strain Toulouse based on the average nucleotide identity values; however, a significant inversion of approximately 0.68\u00a0Mb was detected in the chromosome of strain MF1-1. Moreover, the Japanese macaque strains lacked the <jats:italic>bepA<\/jats:italic> gene, which is responsible for anti-apoptotic function, and the <jats:italic>trwL2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>trwL4<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>trwL6<\/jats:italic> genes, which may be involved in adhesion to erythrocytes of rhesus macaque and human. These features likely represent the genomic traits acquired by Japanese macaque strains in their host-associated evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61782-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T18:02:09Z","timestamp":1715623329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomic properties of a Bartonella quintana strain from Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) revealed by genome comparison with human and rhesus macaque strains"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shingo","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emu","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Kabeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"61782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.3.273","volume":"9","author":"M Maurin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maurin, M. & Raoult, D. 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