{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:12:34Z","timestamp":1793448754657,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"L.P. Huang Chair Funds","award":["150000059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150000059"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arterial occlusion by thrombosis is the immediate cause of some strokes, heart attacks, and peripheral artery disease. Most prior studies assume that coagulation creates the thrombus. However, a contradiction arises as whole blood (WB) clots from coagulation are too weak to stop arterial blood pressures (&gt;\u2009150\u00a0mmHg). We measure the material mechanical properties of elasticity and ultimate strength for Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation (SIPA) type clots, that form under stenotic arterial hemodynamics in comparison with coagulation clots. The ultimate strength of SIPA clots averaged 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u00a0kPa, while WB coagulation clots had a strength of 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u00a0kPa (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The elastic modulus of SIPA clots was 3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u00a0kPa at 1\u00a0Hz and 0.5\u00a0mm displacement, or 2.8\u00a0times higher than WB coagulation clots (1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u00a0kPa, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). This study shows that the SIPA thrombi, formed quickly under high shear hemodynamics, is seven-fold stronger and three-fold stiffer compared to WB coagulation clots. A force balance calculation shows a SIPA clot has the strength to resist arterial pressure with a short length of less than 2\u00a0mm, consistent with coronary pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62165-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T10:01:25Z","timestamp":1716199285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Material strengths of shear-induced platelet aggregation clots and coagulation clots"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dongjune A.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"62165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.07.011","volume":"43","author":"DL Bark Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bark, D. L. Jr. & Ku, D. N. Wall shear over high degree stenoses pertinent to atherothrombosis. J. Biomech. 43, 2970\u20132977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.07.011 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"62165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I2","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.13.5_suppl.i2","volume":"13","author":"J Stamler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Stamler, J., Neaton, J. D. & Wentworth, D. N. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Hypertension 13(5 Suppl), I2-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.13.5_suppl.i2 (1989).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"62165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-011-0099-9","volume":"22","author":"M M\u00f6hlenbruch","year":"2012","unstructured":"M\u00f6hlenbruch, M. et al. Mechanical thrombectomy compared to local-intraarterial thrombolysis in carotid T and middle cerebral artery occlusions. Clin. Neuroradiol. 22, 141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-011-0099-9 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"62165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.12.JNS192187","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Analysis of human emboli and thrombectomy forces in large-vessel occlusion stroke. J. Neurosurg. JNS https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.12.JNS192187 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. JNS"},{"key":"62165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-019-00777-1","volume":"29","author":"LLL Yeo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeo, L. L. L. et al. Why does mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion sometimes fail?. Clin. Neuroradiol. 29, 401\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00777-1 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"62165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012721","volume":"10","author":"GM Gunning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunning, G. M. et al. Clot friction variation with fibrin content; implications for resistance to thrombectomy. J. NeuroInterv. Surg. 10, 34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012721 (2018).","journal-title":"J. NeuroInterv. Surg."},{"key":"62165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012308","volume":"9","author":"S Duffy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duffy, S. et al. Novel methodology to replicate clot analogs with diverse composition in acute ischemic stroke. J. NeuroInterv. Surg. 9, 486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2016-012308 (2017).","journal-title":"J. NeuroInterv. Surg."},{"key":"62165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111959","volume":"17","author":"S Pikija","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pikija, S. et al. Intracranial thrombus morphology and composition undergoes time-dependent changes in acute ischemic stroke: A CT densitometry study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 1959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17111959 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"62165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000365652","volume":"38","author":"X Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao, X. et al. Thrombelastography maximal clot strength could predict one-year functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 38, 182\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000365652 (2014).","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"62165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21112","volume":"74","author":"A Bitar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bitar, A. & Kreutz, R. P. Role of thrombelastography (TEG) in risk assessment and guidance of antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Drug Dev. Res. 74, 533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.21112 (2013).","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"62165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1906-5","volume":"45","author":"S Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson, S. et al. Review of mechanical testing and modelling of thrombus material for vascular implant and device design. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 45, 2494\u20132508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-017-1906-5 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"62165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/s1078-5884(98)80031-2","volume":"15","author":"E Di Martino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Di Martino, E. et al. Biomechanics of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the presence of endoluminal thrombus: Experimental characterisation and structural static computational analysis. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 15, 290\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1078-5884(98)80031-2 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"62165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.01.036","volume":"48","author":"TC Gasser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gasser, T. C., G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, G., Folkesson, M. & Swedenborg, J. Failure properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm under static and pulsating mechanical loads. J. Vasc. Surg. 48, 179\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.01.036 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"62165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1323-6","volume":"43","author":"Z Teng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teng, Z. et al. Layer- and direction-specific material properties, extreme extensibility and ultimate material strength of human abdominal aorta and aneurysm: A uniaxial extension study. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 43, 2745\u20132759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-015-1323-6 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"62165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.10.024","volume":"42","author":"JH Ashton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ashton, J. H., Vande Geest, J. P., Simon, B. R. & Haskett, D. G. Compressive mechanical properties of the intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms and fibrin-based thrombus mimics. J. Biomech. 42, 197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.10.024 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"62165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.06.005","volume":"31","author":"H Xie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xie, H. et al. Correspondence of ultrasound elasticity imaging to direct mechanical measurement in aging DVT in rats. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 31, 1351\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.06.005 (2005).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"62165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2485","volume":"32","author":"JY Chueh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chueh, J. Y. et al. Mechanical characterization of thromboemboli in acute ischemic stroke and laboratory embolus analogs. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 32, 1237\u20131244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2485 (2011).","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"62165_CR18","first-page":"695","volume":"43","author":"EA van Dam","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Dam, E. A. et al. Determination of linear viscoelastic behavior of abdominal aortic aneurysm thrombus. Biorheology 43, 695\u2013707 (2006).","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"62165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.11.015","volume":"44","author":"C Schmitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmitt, C., Hadj Henni, A. & Cloutier, G. Characterization of blood clot viscoelasticity by dynamic ultrasound elastography and modeling of the rheological behavior. J. Biomech. 44, 622\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.11.015 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"62165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.02.012","volume":"10","author":"CL Slaboch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Slaboch, C. L., Alber, M. S., Rosen, E. D. & Ovaert, T. C. Mechano-rheological properties of the murine thrombus determined via nanoindentation and finite element modeling. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 10, 75\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.02.012 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"62165_CR21","first-page":"95","volume":"29","author":"NM Henderson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Henderson, N. M. & Thurston, G. B. A new method for the analysis of blood and plasma coagulation. Biomed. Sci. Instrum. 29, 95\u2013102 (1993).","journal-title":"Biomed. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"62165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21209","volume":"29","author":"WJ McCarty","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCarty, W. J. et al. Biomechanical properties of mixtures of blood and synovial fluid. J. Orthop. Res. 29, 240\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.21209 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"62165_CR23","first-page":"45","volume":"21","author":"P Riha","year":"1999","unstructured":"Riha, P., Wang, X., Liao, R. & Stoltz, J. F. Elasticity and fracture strain of whole blood clots. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 21, 45\u201349 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"62165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3495(99)77113-4","volume":"77","author":"EA Ryan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ryan, E. A., Mockros, L. F., Weisel, J. W. & Lorand, L. Structural origins of fibrin clot rheology. Biophys. J. 77, 2813\u20132826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3495(99)77113-4 (1999).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"62165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.01.010","volume":"40","author":"JW Hinnen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hinnen, J. W., Rixen, D. J., Koning, O. H. J., van Bockel, J. H. & Hamming, J. F. Development of fibrinous thrombus analogue for in-vitro abdominal aortic aneurysm studies. J. Biomech. 40, 289\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.01.010 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"62165_CR26","first-page":"3","volume-title":"An Algorithmic Approach to Hemostasis Testing","author":"JB Lefkowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lefkowitz, J. B. Coagulation pathway and physiology. In An Algorithmic Approach to Hemostasis Testing (ed. Kottke-Marchant, K.) 3\u201312 (College of American Pathologists, 2008)."},{"key":"62165_CR27","first-page":"436","volume":"113","author":"Y Cadroy","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cadroy, Y., Horbett, T. A. & Hanson, S. R. Discrimination between platelet-mediated and coagulation-mediated mechanisms in a model of complex thrombus formation in vivo. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 113, 436\u2013448 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"62165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.12.050","volume":"61","author":"LD Casa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Casa, L. D., Deaton, D. H. & Ku, D. N. Role of high shear rate in thrombosis. J. Vasc. Surg. 61, 1068\u20131080 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"62165_CR29","first-page":"273","volume":"44","author":"DN Ku","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ku, D. N. & Flannery, C. J. Development of a flow-through system to create occluding thrombus. Biorheology 44, 273\u2013284 (2007).","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"62165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006248","volume":"6","author":"DA Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, D. A. & Ku, D. N. Structure of shear-induced platelet aggregated clot formed in an in vitro arterial thrombosis model. Blood Adv. 6, 2872\u20132883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006248 (2022).","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"62165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-012-0086-6","volume":"3","author":"PJ Wellings","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wellings, P. J. & Ku, D. N. Mechanisms of platelet capture under very high shear. Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol. 3, 161\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13239-012-0086-6 (2012).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"62165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.08.041","author":"J Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du, J., Kim, D., Alhawael, G., Ku, D. N. & Fogelson, A. L. Clot permeability, agonist transport, and platelet binding kinetics in arterial thrombosis. Biophys. J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2020.08.041 (2020).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"62165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.02.018","volume":"131","author":"AN Para","year":"2013","unstructured":"Para, A. N. & Ku, D. N. A low-volume, single pass in-vitro system of high shear thrombosis in a stenosis. Thromb. Res. 131, 418\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.02.018 (2013).","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"62165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e400","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732341","volume":"05","author":"V Claver\u00eda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claver\u00eda, V., Yang, P. J., Griffin, M. T. & Ku, D. N. Global thrombosis test: Occlusion by coagulation or SIPA?. TH Open 05, e400\u2013e410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1732341 (2021).","journal-title":"TH Open"},{"key":"62165_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054106","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5113508","volume":"13","author":"MT Griffin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffin, M. T., Kim, D. & Ku, D. N. Shear-induced platelet aggregation: 3D-grayscale microfluidics for repeatable and localized occlusive thrombosis. Biomicrofluidics 13, 054106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5113508 (2019).","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"62165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650175","volume":"45","author":"O Matsuo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Matsuo, O., Rijken, D. C. & Collen, D. Comparison of the relative fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in vitro. Thromb. Haemost. 45, 225\u2013229 (1981).","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"62165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00371","author":"RJFC do Amaral","year":"2019","unstructured":"do Amaral, R. J. F. C. et al. Functionalising collagen-based scaffolds with platelet-rich plasma for enhanced skin wound healing potential. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00371 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"62165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00337-8","volume":"179","author":"DS Jones","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jones, D. S. Dynamic mechanical analysis of polymeric systems of pharmaceutical and biomedical significance. Int. J. Pharm. 179, 167\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-5173(98)00337-8 (1999).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"62165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429190308","volume-title":"Dynamic Mechanical Analysis","author":"KP Menard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menard, K. P. & Menard, N. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (CRC Press, 2020)."},{"key":"62165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.2.219","volume":"61","author":"MD Silver","year":"1980","unstructured":"Silver, M. D., Baroldi, G. & Mariani, F. The relationship between acute occlusive coronary thrombi and myocardial infarction studied in 100 consecutive patients. Circulation 61, 219\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.61.2.219 (1980).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"62165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2976\/1.3267779","volume":"4","author":"MJ Buehler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buehler, M. J. & Yung, Y. C. How protein materials balance strength, robustness, and adaptability. HFSP J. 4, 26\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2976\/1.3267779 (2010).","journal-title":"HFSP J."},{"key":"62165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005692","volume":"6","author":"ZL Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, Z. L., Bresette, C., Aidun, C. K. & Ku, D. N. SIPA in 10 milliseconds: VWF tentacles agglomerate and capture platelets under high shear. Blood Adv. 6, 2453\u20132465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005692 (2022).","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"62165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-011551","volume":"108","author":"ZM Ruggeri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruggeri, Z. M., Orje, J. N., Habermann, R., Federici, A. B. & Reininger, A. J. Activation-independent platelet adhesion and aggregation under elevated shear stress. Blood 108, 1903\u20131910 (2006).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"62165_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1172\/jci110885","volume":"71","author":"L Shen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Shen, L. & Lorand, L. Contribution of fibrin stabilization to clot strength. Supplementation of factor XIII-deficient plasma with the purified zymogen. J. Clin. Invest. 71, 1336\u20131341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci110885 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"62165_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35849-8","volume":"8","author":"V Tutwiler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tutwiler, V. et al. Shape changes of erythrocytes during blood clot contraction and the structure of polyhedrocytes. Sci. Rep. 8, 17907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-35849-8 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"62165_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2903","volume":"10","author":"WA Lam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lam, W. A. et al. Mechanics and contraction dynamics of single platelets and implications for clot stiffening. Nat. Mater. 10, 61\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmat2903 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"62165_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023455","volume":"50","author":"P Seners","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seners, P. et al. Thrombus length predicts lack of post-thrombolysis early recanalization in minor stroke with large vessel occlusion. Stroke 50, 761\u2013764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023455 (2019).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"62165_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003079","volume":"44","author":"S Kamalian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamalian, S. et al. Clot length distribution and predictors in anterior circulation stroke. Stroke 44, 3553\u20133556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003079 (2013).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"62165_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.110.221671","volume":"31","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uchida, Y. et al. Characterization of coronary fibrin thrombus in patients with acute coronary syndrome using dye-staining angioscopy. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 31, 1452\u20131460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.110.221671 (2011).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"62165_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1161\/01.Str.0000230307.03438.94","volume":"37","author":"VJ Marder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marder, V. J. et al. Analysis of thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 37, 2086\u20132093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.Str.0000230307.03438.94 (2006).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"62165_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1157","volume":"78","author":"WC Little","year":"1988","unstructured":"Little, W. C. et al. Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease?. Circulation 78, 1157\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1157 (1988).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"62165_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.14740\/cr639w","volume":"9","author":"S Kilic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kilic, S., Kocabas, U., Can, L. H., Yavuzgil, O. & Zoghi, M. The severity of coronary arterial stenosis in patients with acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction: A thrombolytic therapy study. Cardiol. Res. 9(1), 11 (2018).","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res."},{"key":"62165_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E406","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13300","volume":"42","author":"A Chitsaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chitsaz, A., Nejat, A. & Nouri, R. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of aspiration process: Evaluation of two penumbra aspiration catheters performance. Artif. Organs 42, E406-e419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.13300 (2018).","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"62165_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14682","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41825-8","volume":"13","author":"N Tobin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tobin, N., Li, M., Hiller, G., Azimi, A. & Manning, K. B. Clot embolization studies and computational framework for embolization in a canonical tube model. Sci. Rep. 13, 14682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-41825-8 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"62165_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2017.2654546","volume":"2","author":"ISM Khalil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khalil, I. S. M. et al. Rubbing against blood clots using helical robots: Modeling and in vitro experimental validation. IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. 2, 927\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LRA.2017.2654546 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"62165_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-01-550335","volume":"124","author":"JD Welsh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Welsh, J. D. et al. A systems approach to hemostasis: 1. The interdependence of thrombus architecture and agonist movements in the gaps between platelets. Blood 124, 1808\u20131815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2014-01-550335 (2014).","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-62165-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-62165-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-62165-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T10:01:51Z","timestamp":1716199311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-62165-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["62165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-62165-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11460"}}