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But are these terms equivalent? To test this, online study participants were presented with situations of a protagonist engaged in self-generated thoughts. The scenarios differed with regard to type of situation, the activity in which the protagonist was engaged in, and the properties of the self-generated thoughts. Two different groups evaluated the same situations; one group evaluated the extent to which the protagonist mind-wandered and another the extent to which the protagonist day-dreamt. Our key findings were that the situations were perceived differently with regard to mind-wandering and day-dreaming, depending on whether self-generated thoughts occurred when the protagonist was busy with another activity and the type of self-generated thoughts. In particular, while planning, worrying, and ruminating thoughts were perceived more as mind-wandering in situations involving another activity\/task, the situations without another activity\/task involving recalling past events and fantasizing thoughts were perceived more as day-dreaming. In the additional experiment, we investigated laypeople\u2019s reasons for classifying the situation as mind-wandering or day-dreaming. Our results altogether indicate that mind-wandering and day-dreaming might not be fully equivalent terms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62383-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1716292938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Elucidating the difference between mind-wandering and day-dreaming terms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hagar","family":"Shimoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Axelrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"62383_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.10.002","volume":"66","author":"P Seli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seli, P., Beaty, R. 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