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To identify such risks, we generated two age- and sex-matched real-world cohorts of 122,444 patients each with and without rosacea. In contrast to earlier studies, we found significant associations with malignant melanoma (OR 6.02, 95% CI 5.76\u20136.32). This association does not exist for an Asian sub-cohort, which could explain previous inconclusive or conflicting reports. Several strongly associated comorbidities like visual disturbances (ICD-10: H53\u2013H54; OR 4.80, 4.68\u20134.92), metabolic disorders (E73\u2013E79; OR 3.17, 3.11\u20133.22), joint problems (M25; OR 4.16, 4.08\u20134.25) and type 2 diabetes (E11; OR 1.62, 1.58\u20131.65) should be watched as a risk for rosacea patients. Rosacea is associated with some comorbidities and ethnicity may be a risk factor in melanoma development. The retrospective nature of this study and the sole use of ICD-10 code based filtering calls for future validation of our findings. Additionally, confounding factors such as skin type and previous UV exposure should be included in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62552-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T23:32:02Z","timestamp":1716593522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rosacea is strongly associated with melanoma in Caucasians"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"von Stebut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylke","family":"Schneider-Burrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Heiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Rendenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Preissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Preissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"62552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00595-7","volume":"22","author":"EJ van Zuuren","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Zuuren, E. 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