{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:52:43Z","timestamp":1791924763821,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim was clinical evaluation of the efficacy of topical insulin eye drops in patients with refractory persistent epithelial defects (PEDs). This prospective non-randomized investigation was conducted to examine the efficacy of insulin eye drops in treating patients with PEDs that did not respond to conventional therapy. A total of twenty-three patients were included in the study, and they were administered insulin eye drops formulated as 1\u00a0U\/mL, four times a day. The rate of epithelial defect resolution and time to complete corneal re-epithelialization were considered primary outcome measures. The relative prognostic impact of initial wound size and other parameters, including age, sex, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension were also analyzed. The results showed that during follow-up (maximum 50\u00a0days), a total of 16 patients (69.6%) achieved improvement. Insulin eye drops significantly reduced the corneal wounding area in 75% of patients with small epithelial defects (5.5\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    or less) during 20\u00a0days. Only 61% of patients with moderate epithelial defects (5.51\u201316\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) showed a significant recovery in 20\u201330 days. Also, 71% of patients with a defect size greater than 16\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , demonstrated a significant improvement in the rate of corneal epithelial wound healing in about 50\u00a0days. In conclusion topical\u00a0insulin reduces the PED area and accelerates the ocular surface\u00a0epithelium wound healing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63091-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1717063404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Topical insulin for refractory persistent corneal epithelial defects"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Parisa","family":"Abdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikoo","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alshaheeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golshan","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahel","family":"Soltani Shahgoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Fakhredin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"63091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.12.037","volume":"37","author":"DW DelMonte","year":"2011","unstructured":"DelMonte, D. 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