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Adult mosquito collections were performed every 3\u00a0months, in 4 randomly selected houses in each of the 60 trial clusters, using human landing catches. Adult mosquitoes were morphologically identified and <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> vectors were molecularly speciated and screened for the presence of the L1014F <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutation using PCR. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite infection was assessed using ELISA. A subset of <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic> s.l. was also dissected to examine parity and fertility rates across study arms. There was no evidence of a significant reduction in indoor vector density and entomological inoculation rate by the pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen [DR 0.94 (95% CI 0.46\u20131.88), p\u2009=\u20090.8527; and RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.44\u20132.72), p\u2009=\u20090.8380], and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr [DR 0.74 (95% CI 0.37\u20131.48), p\u2009=\u20090.3946; and RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.40\u20132.50), p\u2009=\u20090.9957] LLINs, respectively. The same trend was observed outdoors. Frequencies of the L1014F <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutation, as well as parous and fertility rates, were similar between study arms. In the third year after net distribution, entomological indicators show that the two dual active-ingredients nets performed similarly to the standard pyrethroid-only LLIN. To maintain malaria gains, it is crucial that net distribution cycles fit with their operational lifespan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63883-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T17:23:12Z","timestamp":1717608192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets on entomological indicators of malaria transmission: third year of a randomised controlled trial in Benin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Arthur","family":"Sovi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boulais","family":"Yovogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin J.","family":"Adoha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Akinro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Accrombessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Dangb\u00e9non","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landry","family":"Assongba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Sourou","family":"Salako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germain Gil","family":"Padonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa A.","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"Ngufor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natacha","family":"Protopopoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C.","family":"Akogb\u00e9to","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7572","key":"63883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhatt, S. et al. 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