{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:47:17Z","timestamp":1789084037837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Composed of obesity and lipid parameters, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool. Originally developed for diabetes diagnosis, its application has expanded to identifying patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the relationship between CMI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis in the US population remains unclear. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2017\u20132020, involving 2996 participants aged 20\u00a0years or older. Vibration controlled transient elastography using a FibroScan\u00ae system (model 502, V2 Touch) with controlled attenuation parameter measurements identified NAFLD at a threshold of\u2009\u2265\u2009274\u00a0dB\/m, while liver stiffness measurement (LSM) results (median,\u2009\u2265\u20098.2\u00a0kPa) indicated fibrosis. A multifactorial logistic regression model explored the relationship between CMI and NAFLD and fibrosis. The effectiveness of CMI in detecting NAFLD and liver fibrosis was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Controlling for potential confounders, CMI showed a significant positive association with NAFLD (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20091.44, 95% CI 1.44\u20131.45) and liver fibrosis (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20091.84, 95% CI 1.84\u20131.85). The Areas Under the Curve for predicting NAFLD and fibrosis were 0.762 (95% CI 0.745\u2009~\u20090.779) and 0.664(95% CI 0.633\u2009~\u20090.696), respectively, with optimal cut-off values of 0.462 and 0.527. There is a positive correlation between CMI and NAFLD and fibrosis, which is a suitable and simple predictor of NAFLD and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64034-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T08:01:36Z","timestamp":1717833696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Association between the cardiometabolic index and NAFLD and fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Laisha","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"64034_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","volume":"70","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi, Z. M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\u2014A global public health perspective. J. Hepatol. 70(3), 531\u2013544 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"64034_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10110940","volume":"10","author":"S Oeda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oeda, S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan and factors affecting measurements. Diagnostics 10(11), 940 (2020).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"64034_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","volume":"78","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella, M. E. et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology 78(6), 1966\u20131986 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"64034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13643","volume":"38","author":"AR Ara\u00fajo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo, A. R., Rosso, N., Bedogni, G., Tiribelli, C. & Bellentani, S. Global epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: What we need in the future. Liver Int. 38, 47\u201351 (2018).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","volume":"19","author":"JV Lazarus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lazarus, J. V. et al. Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: A consensus statement. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19(1), 60\u201378 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"64034_CR6","first-page":"242","volume":"7","author":"S-A Hashemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashemi, S.-A., Alavian, S.-M. & Gholami-Fesharaki, M. Assessment of transient elastography (FibroScan) for diagnosis of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Casp. J. Intern. Med. 7(4), 242 (2016).","journal-title":"Casp. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"64034_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.042","volume":"438","author":"I Wakabayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wakabayashi, I. & Daimon, T. The, \u201ccardiometabolic index\u201d as a new marker determined by adiposity and blood lipids for discrimination of diabetes mellitus. Clin. Chim. Acta. 438, 274\u2013278 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta."},{"key":"64034_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"X Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai, X. et al. Associations of the cardiometabolic index with the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: Results of a longitudinal cohort study. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2022, 1\u201315 (2022).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"64034_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4143-x","volume":"37","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Body adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, and cardiometabolic index reveal the contribution of adiposity phenotypes in the risk of hyperuricemia among Chinese rural population. Clin. Rheumatol. 37, 2221\u20132231 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"64034_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202618666211013123557","volume":"18","author":"F-E Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, F.-E. et al. Association between cardiometabolic index and stroke: A population-based cross-sectional study. Curr. Neurovasc. Res. 18(3), 324\u2013332 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurovasc. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02099-y","volume":"22","author":"J Zou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zou, J. et al. Association between the cardiometabolic index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from a general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 22(1), 1\u201310 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"64034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042","volume":"156","author":"PJ Eddowes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eddowes, P. J. et al. Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 156(6), 1717\u20131730 (2019).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"64034_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3489","volume":"38","author":"Y Niu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niu, Y. et al. Serum creatinine levels and risk of nonalcohol fatty liver disease in a middle-aged and older Chinese population: A cross-sectional analysis. Diabetes\/Metab. Res. Rev. 38(2), e3489 (2022).","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"64034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.925690","volume":"13","author":"R Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, R. et al. Association between SII and hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis: A population-based study. Front. Immunol. 13, 925690 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"64034_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13805","volume":"13","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiu, Y. et al. Transition of cardiometabolic status and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and older Chinese: A national cohort study. J. Diabetes Investig. 13(8), 1426\u20131437 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"64034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4374-x","volume":"38","author":"XZ Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, X. Z., Li, H. H., Huang, S. & Zhao, D. B. Association between hyperuricemia and nontraditional adiposity indices. Clin. Rheumatol. 38, 1055\u20131062 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"64034_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004855","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1004855","volume":"13","author":"S Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan, S. et al. Cardiometabolic index: A new predictor for metabolic associated fatty liver disease in Chinese adults. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 1004855 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"64034_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0350","volume":"29","author":"W-K Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan, W.-K. Comparison between obese and non-obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 29(Suppl), S58 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10436-2","volume":"17","author":"AD Dao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dao, A. D., Nguyen, V. H., Ito, T., Cheung, R. & Nguyen, M. H. Prevalence, characteristics, and mortality outcomes of obese and nonobese MAFLD in the United States. Hepatol. Int. 17(1), 225\u2013236 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes22021","volume":"31","author":"Y Huh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huh, Y., Cho, Y. J. & Nam, G. E. Recent epidemiology and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Obes. Metab. Syndr. 31(1), 17\u201327 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Obes. Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"6","key":"64034_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.041","volume":"130","author":"P Angulo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Angulo, P. NAFLD, obesity, and bariatric surgery. Gastroenterology 130(6), 1848\u20131852 (2006).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.024","volume":"14","author":"D Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, D. et al. Body fat distribution and risk of incident and regressed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14(1), 132-138.e4 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"64034_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000527595","volume":"16","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, F. et al. Obesity-induced hepatic steatosis is partly mediated by visceral fat accumulation in subjects with overweight\/obesity: A cross-sectional study. Obes. Facts 16(2), 164\u2013172 (2023).","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"issue":"4","key":"64034_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2023.05.013","volume":"17","author":"H-J Ko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ko, H.-J. et al. Which obesity index is the most useful marker for predicting hepatic steatosis in children and adolescents with obesity? A cross-sectional study using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 17(4), 335\u2013342 (2023).","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"64034_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051958","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1051958","volume":"13","author":"MT Juli\u00e1n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juli\u00e1n, M. T. et al. Abdominal obesity and dsyglycemia are risk factors for liver fibrosis progression in NAFLD subjects: A population-based study. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 1051958 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"64034_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-022-01421-3","volume":"75","author":"A Norouzian Ostad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Norouzian Ostad, A. et al. Impact of gastric bypass surgery on the liver fibrosis of patients with extreme obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in 30-month follow-up. Updates Surg. 75(3), 659\u2013669 (2023).","journal-title":"Updates Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"64034_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","volume":"24","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friedman, S. L., Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A., Rinella, M. & Sanyal, A. J. Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies. Nat. Med. 24(7), 908\u2013922 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"64034_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051442","volume":"13","author":"P Vancells Lujan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vancells Lujan, P., Vi\u00f1as Esmel, E. & Sacanella, M. E. Overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of sugary food consumption and other dietary components in its development. Nutrients 13(5), 1442 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"64034_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113888","volume":"176","author":"V Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, V. et al. Therapeutic targets, novel drugs, and delivery systems for diabetes associated NAFLD and liver fibrosis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 176, 113888 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"64034_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0310-7","volume":"16","author":"R Ross","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross, R. et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: A consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR working group on visceral obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 16(3), 177\u2013189 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4868-5","volume":"17","author":"M-S Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin, M.-S. et al. Waist-to-height ratio is a useful index for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: A secondary data analysis. BMC Public Health 17(1), 1\u20138 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-119","volume":"12","author":"OS Al-Attas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Attas, O. S. et al. Association of body mass index, sagittal abdominal diameter and waist-hip ratio with cardiometabolic risk factors and adipocytokines in Arab children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr. 12(1), 119 (2012).","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"64034_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12719","volume":"283","author":"P Dongiovanni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dongiovanni, P. et al. Causal relationship of hepatic fat with liver damage and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver. J. Intern. Med. 283(4), 356\u2013370 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"64034_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2019-00034","volume":"40","author":"MJ Watt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watt, M. J., Miotto, P. M., De Nardo, W. & Montgomery, M. K. The liver as an endocrine organ\u2014Linking NAFLD and insulin resistance. Endocr. Rev. 40(5), 1367\u20131393 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"64034_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02600.x","volume":"22","author":"A Lonardo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lonardo, A., Lombardini, S., Ricchi, M., Scaglioni, F. & Loria, P. Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 22, 64\u201370 (2005).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"64034_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20920","volume":"42","author":"E Bugianesi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bugianesi, E., McCullough, A. J. & Marchesini, G. Insulin resistance: A metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease. Hepatology 42(5), 987\u20131000 (2005).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"64034_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02268-7","volume":"68","author":"R Aller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aller, R. et al. Insulin resistance is related with liver fibrosis in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease proven biopsy and Mediterranean diet pattern as a protective factor. Endocrine 68, 557\u2013563 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"7","key":"64034_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2015.0018","volume":"13","author":"CN Ercin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ercin, C. N. et al. Insulin resistance but not visceral adiposity index is associated with liver fibrosis in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 13(7), 319\u2013325 (2015).","journal-title":"Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"64034_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154345","volume":"11","author":"X Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren, X. et al. Association between triglyceride to HDL-C ratio (TG\/HDL-C) and insulin resistance in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. PloS One 11(4), e0154345 (2016).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0270-z","volume":"15","author":"M Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, M. et al. The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance but not of \u03b2 cell function in a Chinese population with different glucose tolerance status. Lipids Health Dis. 15(1), 1\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"64034_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0414","volume":"10","author":"R Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong, R. et al. Associations between TG\/HDL ratio and insulin resistance in the US population: A cross-sectional study. Endocr. Connect. 10(11), 1502\u20131512 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"issue":"8","key":"64034_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2234","volume":"34","author":"C Giannini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giannini, C. et al. The triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: Association with insulin resistance in obese youths of different ethnic backgrounds. Diabetes Care 34(8), 1869\u20131874 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"64034_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105168","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/105168","volume":"2014","author":"J He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He, J. et al. The TG\/HDL-C ratio might be a surrogate for insulin resistance in Chinese nonobese women. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2014, 105168 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"64034_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00570-y","volume":"12","author":"AF Godoy-Matos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godoy-Matos, A. F., Silva J\u00fanior, W. S. & Valerio, C. M. NAFLD as a continuum: From obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 12(1), 1\u201320 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"2","key":"64034_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2015.12.026","volume":"10","author":"K-T Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, K.-T. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity is associated with the ratios of total cholesterol and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J. Clin. Lipidol. 10(2), 420\u2013425 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"issue":"5","key":"64034_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12977","volume":"36","author":"Y Fukuda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fukuda, Y. et al. Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent predictor of incident fatty liver; A population-based cohort study. Liver Int. 36(5), 713\u2013720 (2016).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"64034_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-0986-7","volume":"18","author":"N Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan, N. et al. Triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a surrogate for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis. 18, 1\u20136 (2019).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-64034-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-64034-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-64034-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1717837349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-64034-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["64034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-64034-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors confirm that there were no commercial or financial affiliations that could be perceived as potential conflicts of interest during the research process.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13194"}}