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The variables are microgrid optimal location and capacity of the HMG components in the network which are determined through a multi-objective improved Kepler optimization algorithm (MOIKOA) modeled by Kepler\u2019s laws of planetary motion, piecewise linear chaotic map and using the FDMT. In this study, a machine learning approach using a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) has been used to forecast solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, and load data. The optimization problem is implemented in three optimization scenarios based on real and forecasted data as well as the investigation of the battery's depth of discharge in the HMG optimization in the distribution network and its effects on the different objectives. The results including energy losses, voltage deviations, and purchased power from the HMG have been presented. Also, the MOIKOA superior capability is validated in comparison with the multi-objective conventional Kepler optimization algorithm, multi-objective particle swarm optimization, and multi-objective genetic algorithm in problem-solving. The findings are cleared that microgrid multi-objective optimization in the distribution network considering forecasted data based on the MLP-ANN causes an increase of 3.50%, 2.33%, and 1.98%, respectively, in annual energy losses, voltage deviation, and the purchased power cost from the HMG compared to the real data-based optimization. Also, the outcomes proved that increasing the battery depth of discharge causes the BES to have more participation in the HMG effectiveness on the distribution network objectives and affects the network energy losses and voltage deviation reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64234-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T16:09:12Z","timestamp":1718035752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Optimization of a photovoltaic\/wind\/battery energy-based microgrid in distribution network using machine learning and fuzzy multi-objective improved Kepler optimizer algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fude","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdiyeh","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khajehzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Basem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dheyaa J.","family":"Jasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaprakasam","family":"Palani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"64234_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.10.025","volume":"14","author":"MF Akorede","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akorede, M. 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