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We conducted a retrospective analysis of 78 adults with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent haplo-HSCT using intravenous busulfan and fludarabine conditioning. Thirty-two patients received attenuated ATG\/PTCy, while 46 patients received ATG (7.5\u00a0mg\/kg) as GVHD prophylaxis. The 100-day cumulative incidence of grade III-IV (9.7% vs. 32.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) acute GVHD, as well as 2-year moderate-severe chronic GVHD (13.9% vs. 43.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) in the ATG\/PTCy group were significantly lower than those in the ATG group. The 2-year overall survival was comparable between the two groups. However, 2-year GVHD-free, relapse-free survival in the ATG\/PTCy group was significantly higher compared to that in the ATG group (38.9% vs. 21.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021). Moreover, during post-engraftment period, the ATG\/PTCy group exhibited lower incidences of life-threatening bacterial (12.5% vs. 37%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033) and viral infection (0% vs. 17.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) than the ATG group. In conclusion, the combination of individually tailored ATG and low-dose PTCy appears to be a promising strategy in haplo-HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64361-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1718553683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dual T-cell depletion with individually tailored anti-thymocyte globulin and attenuated dose of post-transplant cyclophosphamide in haploidentical peripheral stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yeop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngil","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Soo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ja Min","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junshik","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"64361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.34","volume":"52","author":"J Passweg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Passweg, J. et al. 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