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We investigated anopheline populations as part of a baseline study to implement house screening of windows and doors as a supplementary malaria control tool towards elimination in Jabi Tehnan district, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. The samples were surveyed monthly using CDC light traps between June 2020 and May 2021. Mosquito trap density (&lt;\u20093 mosquitoes\/trap) was low, however, with a high overall <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sporozoite rate (9%; indoor\u2009=\u20094.3%, outdoor\u2009=\u200913.1%) comprising <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> (88.9%) and <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> (11.1%). <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic> s.l., mostly <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>, comprised\u2009&gt;\u200980% of total anopheline captures and contributed\u2009~\u200942% of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>-infected mosquitoes. On the other hand, morphologically scored <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic> s.l., constituting\u2009about\u20096% of anopheline collections, accounted for 50% of sporozoite-infected mosquitoes. Most of the infected <jats:italic>An. funestus<\/jats:italic> s.l. specimens (86.7%) were grouped with previously unknown or undescribed <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> species previously implicated as a cryptic malaria vector in the western Kenyan highlands, confirming its wider geographic distribution in eastern Africa. Other species with <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infection included <jats:italic>An. longipalpis<\/jats:italic> C, <jats:italic>An. theileri<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>An. demillioni,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>An. nili.<\/jats:italic> Cumulatively, 77.8% of the infected mosquitoes occurred outdoors. These results suggest efficient malaria parasite transmission despite the low vector densities, which has implications for effective endpoint indicators to monitor malaria control progress. Additionally, the largely outdoor infection and discovery of previously unknown and cryptic vectors suggest an increased risk of residual malaria transmission and, thus, a constraint on effective malaria prevention and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64436-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T13:02:22Z","timestamp":1718283742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vectorial drivers of malaria transmission in Jabi Tehnan district, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Aklilu K.","family":"Belay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe","family":"Asale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Kinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi A.","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldwyn","family":"Torto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford M.","family":"Mutero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Tchouassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"64436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-019-0090-z","volume":"5","author":"T Girum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girum, T., Shumbej, T. & Shewangizaw, M. 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