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Here, we investigated the organogenesis of the venom apparatus in the common house spider,<jats:italic>Parasteatoda tepidariorum<\/jats:italic>. The venom apparatus consists of a pair of secretory glands, each connected to an opening at the fang tip by a duct that runs through the chelicerae. We performed bulk RNA-seq to identify venom gland-specific markers and assayed their expression using RNA in situ hybridisation experiments on whole-mount time-series. These revealed that the gland primordium emerges during embryonic stage 13 at the chelicera tip, progresses proximally by the end of embryonic development and extends into the prosoma post-eclosion. The initiation of expression of an important toxin component in late postembryos marks the activation of venom-secreting cells. Our selected markers also exhibited distinct expression patterns in adult venom glands:<jats:italic>sage<\/jats:italic>and the toxin marker were expressed in the secretory epithelium,<jats:italic>forkhead<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>sum-1<\/jats:italic>in the surrounding muscle layer, while<jats:italic>Distal-less<\/jats:italic>was predominantly expressed at the gland extremities. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of venom gland morphogenesis in spiders, offering key insights into their evolution and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65336-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1720081053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Venom gland organogenesis in the common house spider"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Afrah","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Blakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair P.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Zancolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"65336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11110666","volume":"11","author":"V Schendel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schendel, V., Rash, L. 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