{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:29:04Z","timestamp":1719275344472},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High sugar consumption is associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Current sugar substitutes may cause taste sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. ENSO 16 is a combination of 16 different sugar substitutes and plant fibers and has been designed as a sugar alternative. The impact on plasma glucose metabolism as well as on gastrointestinal tolerance has not been investigated yet. 17 healthy participants were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind trial. Participants received a single oral dose of 30\u00a0g glucose or 30\u00a0g ENSO 16 and crossed over to the alternate treatment after a 7\u00a0day wash out period. The study endpoint was the effect on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide concentrations and gastrointestinal disorders. A questionnaire regarding gastrointestinal symptoms was used for individual subjective scoring. The mean baseline adjusted plasma glucose AUC<jats:sub>0\u2013180\u00a0min<\/jats:sub> was significantly greater after glucose administration compared to ENSO 16 (n\u2009=\u200915, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0128, paired t-test). Maximum plasma glucose elevation over baseline was 117\u00a0mg*dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and 20\u00a0mg*dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> after oral glucose or ENSO 16, respectively. Insulin and C-peptide AUC<jats:sub>0\u2212180\u00a0min<\/jats:sub> were significantly greater after glucose compared to ENSO 16 intake (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The mean maximal concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide after glucose intake were 1.5, 4.6 and 2.7-fold greater after glucose intake compared to ENSO 16 intake, respectively. Adverse reactions were mostly mild and not different between treatments. Conclusion. ENSO 16 has only a small impact on plasma glucose metabolism. This may be of interest in a dietary context and may help to reduce calory intake.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Trail registration<\/jats:italic> NCT05457400. First registration: 14\/07\/2022. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05457400\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05457400<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65560-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T15:01:53Z","timestamp":1719241313000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The substitute ENSO 16 has low impact on glucose metabolism in healthy humans: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, cross-over trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Lutnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Weisshaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena M.","family":"Mussbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolzt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"65560_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183809","volume":"14","author":"VJ Clemente-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V. 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