{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:42:00Z","timestamp":1785796920498,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis (HT) may contribute to an increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the exact relationship between HT and PTC is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify potential common biomarkers that may be associated with both PTC and HT. Three microarray datasets from the GEO database and RNA-seq dataset from TCGA database were collected to identify shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HT and PTC. A total of 101 genes was identified as common DEGs, primarily enriched inflammation- and immune-related pathways through GO and KEGG analysis. We performed protein\u2013protein interaction analysis and identified six significant modules comprising a total of 29 genes. Subsequently, tree hub genes (CD53, FCER1G, TYROBP) were selected using random forest (RF) algorithms for the development of three diagnostic models. The artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrates superior performance. Notably, CD53 exerted the greatest influence on the ANN model output. We analyzed the protein expressions of the three genes using the Human Protein Atlas database. Moreover, we observed various dysregulated immune cells that were significantly associated with the hub genes through immune infiltration analysis. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the differential expression of CD53, FCER1G, and TYROBP, as well as the results of immune infiltration analysis. Lastly, we hypothesise that benzylpenicilloyl polylysine and aspirinmay be effective in the treatment of HT and PTC and may prevent HT carcinogenesis. This study indicates that CD53, FCER1G, and TYROBP play a role in the development of HT and PTC, and may contribute to the progression of HT to PTC. These hub genes could potentially serve as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PTC and HT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66162-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T09:01:59Z","timestamp":1720256519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification and validation of potential common biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"66162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101367","volume":"33","author":"F Ragusa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragusa, F. et al. Hashimotos\u2019 thyroiditis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 33, 101367 (2019).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"66162_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1548832","volume":"47","author":"A Ra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ra, A. & Ap, W. The pathogenesis of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: Further developments in our understanding. Hormone Metab. Res. 47, 702\u2013710 (2015).","journal-title":"Hormone Metab. Res."},{"key":"66162_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04046-0","volume":"357","author":"F Balkwill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Balkwill, F. & Mantovani, A. Inflammation and cancer: Back to Virchow?. Lancet 357, 539\u2013545 (2001).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"66162_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.20.2337","volume":"165","author":"E Zintzaras","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zintzaras, E., Voulgarelis, M. & Moutsopoulos, H. M. The risk of lymphoma development in autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 2337\u20132344 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"66162_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13953","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013953","volume":"98","author":"Y Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen, Y. et al. Differences in treatment outcomes between ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and endoscopic thyroidectomy for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 98, 13953 (2019).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"66162_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.29935","volume":"16","author":"A Mardiaty Iryani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mardiaty Iryani, A. et al. Papillary thyroid cancer: Genetic alterations and molecular biomarker investigations. Int. J. Med. Sci. 16, 450\u2013460 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"66162_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.007","volume":"13","author":"P Caturegli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caturegli, P., De Remigis, A. & Rose, N. R. Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria. Autoimmun. Rev. 13, 391\u2013397 (2014).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"66162_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62414","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18620","volume":"8","author":"X Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai, X., Xia, Y., Zhang, B., Li, J. & Jiang, Y. A meta-analysis of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma risk. Oncotarget 8, 62414\u201362424 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"66162_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1955.01270080137023","volume":"70","author":"ME Dailey","year":"1955","unstructured":"Dailey, M. E., Lindsay, S. & Skahen, R. Relation of thyroid neoplasms to Hashimoto disease of the thyroid gland. AMA Arch. Surg. 70, 291\u2013297 (1955).","journal-title":"AMA Arch. Surg."},{"key":"66162_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812472426","volume":"148","author":"Y Lun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lun, Y. et al. Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis as a risk factor of papillary thyroid cancer may improve cancer prognosis. Otolaryngo.l Head Neck Surg. 148, 396\u2013402 (2013).","journal-title":"Otolaryngo.l Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"66162_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801925","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.801925","volume":"13","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, J. et al. Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: A \u2018double-edged sword\u2019 in thyroid carcinoma. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 13, 801925 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"66162_CR12","first-page":"303","volume":"62","author":"O B\u00fcy\u00fcka\u015f\u0131k","year":"2011","unstructured":"B\u00fcy\u00fcka\u015f\u0131k, O. et al. The association between thyroid malignancy and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: should it alter the surgical approach?. Endokrynol. Pol. 62, 303\u2013308 (2011).","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"66162_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2978","volume":"98","author":"B Jankovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jankovic, B., Le, K. T. & Hershman, J. M. Clinical review: Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma: Is there a correlation?. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 474\u2013482 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"66162_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00102","volume":"3","author":"ER Dorris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorris, E. R., Smyth, P., O\u2019Leary, J. J. & Sheils, O. MIR141 expression differentiates Hashimoto thyroiditis from PTC and benign thyrocytes in irish archival thyroid tissues. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 3, 102 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"66162_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.165","volume":"628\u2013629","author":"X Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan, X. et al. Insight into the endocrine disrupting effect and cell response to butyltin compounds in H295R cell: Evaluated with proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 628\u2013629, 1489\u20131496 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"66162_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9983652","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9983652","volume":"2021","author":"N Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Narayan Das, N., Gupta, D., Gupta, K. & Bindra, J. Efficient automated disease diagnosis using machine learning models. J. Healthc. Eng. 2021, 9983652 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"66162_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D991","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193","volume":"41","author":"T Barrett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrett, T. et al. NCBI GEO: Archive for functional genomics datasets\u2013update. Nucl. Acids Res. 41, D991-995 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"66162_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D258","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh036","volume":"32","author":"MA Harris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harris, M. A. et al. The gene ontology (GO) database and informatics resource. Nucl. Acids Res. 32, D258-261 (2004).","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"66162_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0061(20000930)17:3<225::AID-YEA34>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"17","author":"J Wixon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wixon, J. & Kell, D. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes\u2013KEGG. Yeast 17, 48\u201355 (2000).","journal-title":"Yeast"},{"key":"66162_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg034","volume":"31","author":"C von Mering","year":"2003","unstructured":"von Mering, C. et al. STRING: A database of predicted functional associations between proteins. Nucl. Acids Res. 31, 258\u2013261 (2003).","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Res."},{"key":"66162_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","volume":"13","author":"P Shannon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shannon, P. et al. Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13, 2498\u20132504 (2003).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"66162_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.575772","volume":"11","author":"XJ Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, X. J. et al. Veratrilla baillonii Franch could alleviate lipid accumulation in LO2 cells by regulating oxidative, inflammatory, and lipid metabolic signaling pathways. Front. Pharmacol. 11, 575772 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"66162_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3307","volume":"27","author":"PJ Thul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thul, P. J. & Lindskog, C. The human protein atlas: A spatial map of the human proteome. Protein Sci. 27, 233\u2013244 (2018).","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"66162_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","volume":"12","author":"AM Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman, A. M. et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat. Methods 12, 453\u2013457 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"66162_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1144","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1084","volume":"49","author":"F Sl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sl, F. et al. Integration of the drug-gene interaction database (DGIdb 4.0) with open crowdsource efforts. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, D1144\u2013D1151 (2021).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"66162_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.07.025","volume":"245","author":"D Jackson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jackson, D., Handelsman, R. S., Farr\u00e1, J. C. & Lew, J. I. Increased incidental thyroid cancer in patients with subclinical chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. J. Surg. Res. 245, 115\u2013118 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"66162_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0246","volume":"8","author":"C Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan, C., Huang, M., Li, X., Wang, T. & Ling, R. Relationship between BRAF V600E and clinical features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr. Connect. 8, 988\u2013996 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"66162_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-013-0398-0","volume":"9","author":"I Ben-Skowronek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ben-Skowronek, I., Szewczyk, L., Kulik-Rechberger, B. & Korobowicz, E. The differences in T and B cell subsets in thyroid of children with Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. World J. Pediatr. 9, 245\u2013250 (2013).","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr."},{"key":"66162_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E934","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3428","volume":"97","author":"JD French","year":"2012","unstructured":"French, J. D. et al. Programmed death-1+ T cells and regulatory T cells are enriched in tumor-involved lymph nodes and associated with aggressive features in papillary thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, E934-943 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"66162_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9853-2","volume":"44","author":"H Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu, H. et al. Regulatory T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells contribute to the immune escape of papillary thyroid cancer coexisting with multinodular non-toxic goiter. Endocrine 44, 172\u2013181 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"66162_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2011.06.002","volume":"75","author":"H Tao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tao, H. et al. Prognostic potential of FOXP3 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells combined with tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. Lung Cancer 75, 95\u2013101 (2012).","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"66162_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.271","volume":"27","author":"TL Whiteside","year":"2008","unstructured":"Whiteside, T. L. The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth. Oncogene 27, 5904\u20135912 (2008).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"66162_CR33","first-page":"125450","volume":"2014","author":"LS Ward","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ward, L. S. Immune response in thyroid cancer: Widening the boundaries. Scientifica (Cairo) 2014, 125450 (2014).","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"66162_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200602086","volume":"173","author":"G Min","year":"2006","unstructured":"Min, G., Wang, H., Sun, T. T. & Kong, X. P. Structural basis for tetraspanin functions as revealed by the cryo-EM structure of uroplakin complexes at 6-A resolution. J. Cell Biol. 173, 975\u2013983 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"66162_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/5.2.209","volume":"5","author":"MD Wright","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wright, M. D., Rochelle, J. M., Tomlinson, M. G., Seldin, M. F. & Williams, A. F. Gene structure, chromosomal localization, and protein sequence of mouse CD53 (Cd53): Evidence that the transmembrane 4 superfamily arose by gene duplication. Int. Immunol. 5, 209\u2013216 (1993).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"66162_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101104","volume":"23","author":"MC Demaria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demaria, M. C. et al. Tetraspanin CD53 promotes lymphocyte recirculation by stabilizing L-selectin surface expression. iScience 23, 101104 (2020).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"66162_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097844","volume":"9","author":"I Todros-Dawda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Todros-Dawda, I., Kveberg, L., Vaage, J. T. & Inngjerdingen, M. The tetraspanin CD53 modulates responses from activating NK cell receptors, promoting LFA-1 activation and dampening NK cell effector functions. PLoS One 9, e97844 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"66162_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01765","volume":"10","author":"J Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, J. et al. Identification of TYROBP and C1QB as two novel key genes with prognostic value in gastric cancer by network analysis. Front. Oncol. 10, 1765 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"66162_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721569","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.721569","volume":"13","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Identification of transcriptional pattern related to immune cell infiltration with gene co-expression network in papillary thyroid cancer. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 13, 721569 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"66162_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)39347-0","volume":"265","author":"H K\u00fcster","year":"1990","unstructured":"K\u00fcster, H., Thompson, H. & Kinet, J. P. Characterization and expression of the gene for the human Fc receptor gamma subunit. Definition of a new gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 6448\u20136452 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"66162_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-1151","volume":"19","author":"P Rajaraman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rajaraman, P. et al. Risk of meningioma and common variation in genes related to innate immunity. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 19, 1356\u20131361 (2010).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"66162_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.04.004","volume":"71","author":"S Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han, S. et al. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and risk of childhood leukemia. Hum. Immunol. 71, 727\u2013730 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"66162_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.10.3971","volume":"71","author":"R Desrosiers","year":"1974","unstructured":"Desrosiers, R., Friderici, K. & Rottman, F. Identification of methylated nucleosides in messenger RNA from Novikoff hepatoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 71, 3971\u20133975 (1974).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"66162_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0327-3","volume":"17","author":"G Cammarota","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cammarota, G. et al. Gut microbiome, big data and machine learning to promote precision medicine for cancer. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 17, 635\u2013648 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"66162_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000151","volume":"49","author":"ABR Shatte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shatte, A. B. R., Hutchinson, D. M. & Teague, S. J. Machine learning in mental health: A scoping review of methods and applications. Psychol. Med. 49, 1426\u20131448 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"66162_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-6465(02)00095-6","volume":"38","author":"DB Gordon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gordon, D. B. Nonopioid and adjuvant analgesics in chronic pain management: Strategies for effective use. Nurs. Clin. North Am. 38, 447\u2013464 (2003).","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"66162_CR47","first-page":"57","volume":"143","author":"J Morley","year":"1976","unstructured":"Morley, J. The action of aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. Nurs. Mirror Midwives J. 143, 57\u201359 (1976).","journal-title":"Nurs. Mirror Midwives J."},{"key":"66162_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195812252592606","volume":"259","author":"T Torikai","year":"1958","unstructured":"Torikai, T. & Kumaoka, S. Subacute thyroiditis treated with salicylate: Report of five cases. N. Engl. J. Med. 259, 1265\u20131267 (1958).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"66162_CR49","first-page":"165","volume":"25","author":"P Vemuri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vemuri, P., Harris, K. E., Suh, L. A. & Grammer, L. C. Preparation of benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine: A preliminary study. Allergy Asthma Proc. 25, 165\u2013168 (2004).","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc."},{"key":"66162_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.04.013","volume":"2","author":"SJ Fox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox, S. J. & Park, M. A. Penicillin skin testing is a safe and effective tool for evaluating penicillin allergy in the pediatric population. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 2, 439\u2013444 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"66162_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00188.x","volume":"37","author":"P Lisi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lisi, P. et al. Skin tests in the diagnosis of eruptions caused by betalactams. Contact Dermat. 37, 151\u2013154 (1997).","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-66162-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-66162-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-66162-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T10:02:38Z","timestamp":1720260158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-66162-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["66162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-66162-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15578"}}