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Biological factors are incorporated into matching and the cross-matching process is implemented into the smart contracts. Privacy is guaranteed by using patient-associated blockchain addresses, without transmitting or using patient personal records in the matching process. The matching algorithm implemented as a smart contract is verifiable by any party. Clinical records, process updates, and matching results are also stored on the blockchain, providing tamper-resistance of recipient\u2019s records and the recipients\u2019 waiting queue. The system also is capable of handling cases in which there is a donor without an immediate compatible recipient. The system is implemented on the Ethereum blockchain and several scenarios were\u00a0tested. The performance of the proposed system is compared to other existing organ donation systems, and ours outperformed any existing organ matching system built on blockchain. BOMS is tested to ascertain its compatibility with public, private, and consortium blockchain networks, checks for security vulnerabilities and cross-matching efficiency. The implementation codes are available online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66375-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T15:02:16Z","timestamp":1720710136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["BOMS: blockchain-enabled organ matching system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ikechi Saviour","family":"Igboanusi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chigozie Athanasius","family":"Nnadiekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph Uche","family":"Ogbede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Seong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Lensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2020.100585","volume":"35","author":"A Lewis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lewis, A. et al. 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