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However, distinguishing the cSVD contribution after stroke may not be possible due to post-stroke sNfL increase. Additionally, it remains unclear if etiologic subtype differences exist. We measured infarct and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes using MRI at the index stroke in ischemic stroke patients (n\u2009=\u2009316, mean age 53\u00a0years, 65% males) and at 7-year follow-up (n\u2009=\u2009187). Serum NfL concentration was measured in the acute phase (n\u2009=\u2009235), at 3-months (n\u2009=\u2009288), and 7-years (n\u2009=\u2009190) post stroke. In multivariable regression, acute and 3-month sNfL concentrations were associated with infarct volume and time since stroke, but not with stroke etiology or infarct location. Seven years post-stroke, sNfL was associated with WMHs and age, but not with stroke etiology. Nonlinear regression estimated that sNfL peaks around 1\u00a0month, and declines by 50% at 3\u00a0months, and 99% at 9\u00a0months. We conclude that sNfL can indicate infarct volume and time since brain injury in the acute and subacute phases after stroke. 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K.B. has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Axon, Biogen, CogRx, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis and Roche Diagnostics, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16180"}}