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This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75\u201337.42,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19\u201310.47,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52\u20134.30,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.20\u20133.06,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007). This study highlights that patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19 often exhibit abnormal spirometry, notably a restrictive pattern and PRISm. Routine spirometry screening for high-risk patients is recommended.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67536-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T11:13:39Z","timestamp":1721128419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Post-discharge spirometry evaluation in patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chee-Shee","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Amin","family":"Bin Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Amira","family":"Binti Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulaika","family":"Binti Roslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozila","family":"Binti Harun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarna Lata","family":"Krishnabahawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna A. 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