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Data collection involved video-based facial landmark tracking, mandibular electrognathography, surface electromyography of mandibular range of motion, freeway space, chewing tasks, phonetic expressions, joint vibration analysis, and 3D jaw scans of occlusion. This resulted in a dataset of 121 predictor features, with freeway space as the target variable. Six models were trained on synthetic data ranging from 500 to 25,000 observations, with 65 original observations reserved for testing: Linear Regression, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, XGBoost Regressor, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MPNN), and TabNet. Explainable AI indicated that key predictors of freeway space included phonetics, resting temporalis muscle activity, mandibular muscle activity during clenching, body weight, mandibular hard tissue lateral displacements, and dental arch parameters. CatBoost excelled with a test error of 0.65\u00a0mm using 5000 synthetic data points, while a refined MPNN achieved the best performance with 25,000 synthetic data points and 121 unique predictors, yielding an absolute error of 0.43\u00a0mm on the 65 original observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67640-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T16:06:36Z","timestamp":1721145996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predictive modelling of freeway space utilising clinical history, normalised muscle activity, dental occlusion, and mandibular movement analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Taseef Hasan","family":"Farook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tashreque Mohammed","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lameesa","family":"Ramees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"67640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1951.0188","volume":"43","author":"MA Pleasure","year":"1951","unstructured":"Pleasure, M. 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