{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:32:18Z","timestamp":1793424738877,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["#SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["#SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SMX1240621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67674-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T23:02:07Z","timestamp":1721689327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictive factors for perinatal bacterial transmission from colonized mothers to delivered very-low-birth-weight infants: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jieun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Yoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se In","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Sil","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"67674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.4.467","volume":"26","author":"WH Hahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hahn, W. H., Chang, J. Y., Chang, Y. S., Shim, K. S. & Bae, C. W. Recent trends in neonatal mortality in very low birth weight Korean infants: In comparison with Japan and the USA. J. Korean Med. Sci. 26, 467\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2011.26.4.467 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"67674_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","volume":"314","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoll, B. J. et al. Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993\u20132012. JAMA 314, 1039\u20131051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.10244 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"67674_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-3782(12)70019-1","volume":"88","author":"CP Hornik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hornik, C. P. et al. Early and late onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants from a large group of neonatal intensive care units. Early Hum. Dev. 88(Suppl 2), S69\u2013S74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-3782(12)70019-1 (2012).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"67674_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001502","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001502","volume":"10","author":"GJ Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan, G. J., Lee, A. C., Baqui, A. H., Tan, J. & Black, R. E. Risk of early-onset neonatal infection with maternal infection or colonization: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 10, e1001502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001502 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"67674_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.008","volume":"24","author":"L Folgori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Folgori, L. et al. The relationship between Gram-negative colonization and bloodstream infections in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 24, 251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.08.008 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"67674_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31815a57a8","volume":"42","author":"EC Claud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Claud, E. C. & Walker, W. A. Bacterial colonization, probiotics, and necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 42(Suppl 2), S46\u2013S52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31815a57a8 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"67674_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1086\/509892","volume":"195","author":"K Sadeghi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadeghi, K. et al. Immaturity of infection control in preterm and term newborns is associated with impaired toll-like receptor signaling. J. Infect. Dis. 195, 296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/509892 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"67674_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.02.035","volume":"159","author":"VN Alexander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexander, V. N., Northrup, V. & Bizzarro, M. J. Antibiotic exposure in the newborn intensive care unit and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Pediatr. 159, 392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.02.035 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"67674_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.11.002","volume":"181","author":"JB Cantey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cantey, J. B. et al. Antibiotic exposure and risk for death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr. 181, 289\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.11.002 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"67674_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1632390","volume":"35","author":"JY Ting","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ting, J. Y. et al. Association of antibiotic utilization and neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely low gestational age neonates without proven sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis. Am. J. Perinatol. 35, 972\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1632390 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"67674_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78602","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078602","volume":"8","author":"SA Coggins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coggins, S. A. et al. Use of a computerized C-reactive protein (CRP) based sepsis evaluation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants: A five-year experience. PLoS ONE 8, e78602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0078602 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"67674_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2014.900696","volume":"74","author":"E Steinberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steinberger, E., Hofer, N. & Resch, B. Cord blood procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 are highly sensitive and specific in the prediction of early-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 74, 432\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365513.2014.900696 (2014).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"67674_CR13","unstructured":"Northern California Kaiser-Permanente. Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator. 2018. https:\/\/neonatalsepsiscalculator.kaiserpermanente.org. Accessed 1 July 2023."},{"key":"67674_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puopolo, K. M., Benitz, W. E., Zaoutis, T. E., Committee on Fetus Newborn & Committee On Infectious Diseases. Management of neonates born at >\/=35 0\/7 weeks' gestation with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-2894 (2018).","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2894"},{"key":"67674_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100886","volume":"5","author":"JH Sung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sung, J. H. et al. A randomized clinical trial of antibiotic treatment duration in preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes: 7 days vs until delivery. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM 5, 100886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.100886 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"key":"67674_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","volume":"126","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stoll, B. J. et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 126, 443\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2009-2959 (2010).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"67674_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.039","volume":"239","author":"MA Steurer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Steurer, M. A. et al. Mortality and major neonatal morbidity in preterm infants with serious congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr. 239, 110\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.08.039 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"67674_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.12.023","volume":"166","author":"WE Benitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benitz, W. E., Wynn, J. L. & Polin, R. A. Reappraisal of guidelines for management of neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis. J. Pediatr. 166, 1070\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.12.023 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"67674_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/anc.0000000000000769","volume":"21","author":"MA Glaser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glaser, M. A., Hughes, L. M., Jnah, A. & Newberry, D. Neonatal sepsis: A review of pathophysiology and current management strategies. Adv. Neonatal Care 21, 49\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/anc.0000000000000769 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Neonatal Care"},{"key":"67674_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2020-001164","volume":"44","author":"C Briggs-Steinberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Briggs-Steinberg, C. & Roth, P. Early-onset sepsis in newborns. Pediatr. Rev. 44, 14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.2020-001164 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"67674_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(12)80043-3","volume":"167","author":"R Romero","year":"1992","unstructured":"Romero, R. et al. Infection and labor. VIII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with suspected cervical incompetence: Prevalence and clinical significance. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 167, 1086\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(12)80043-3 (1992).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"633","key":"67674_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.047","volume":"198","author":"SE Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee, S. E., Romero, R., Park, C. W., Jun, J. K. & Yoon, B. H. The frequency and significance of intraamniotic inflammation in patients with cervical insufficiency. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198(633), e631-638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.047 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"67674_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140.e141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.017","volume":"221","author":"KJ Oh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh, K. J. et al. Evidence that antibiotic administration is effective in the treatment of a subset of patients with intra-amniotic infection\/inflammation presenting with cervical insufficiency. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 221, 140.e141-140.e118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.017 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"67674_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350ra102","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag1026","volume":"8","author":"LM Kindinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kindinger, L. M. et al. Relationship between vaginal microbial dysbiosis, inflammation, and pregnancy outcomes in cervical cerclage. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 350ra102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag1026 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"67674_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318275058a","volume":"32","author":"MS Bauserman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bauserman, M. S. et al. Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli infections in the intensive care nursery in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 32, 208\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e318275058a (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"67674_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20162013","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2013","volume":"138","author":"SJ Schrag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schrag, S. J. et al. Epidemiology of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis, 2005 to 2014. Pediatrics 138, e20162013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2013 (2016).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"67674_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000001473","volume":"36","author":"S Mukhopadhyay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, S. & Puopolo, K. M. Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of early-onset sepsis among very low birth weight infants: Opportunities for antibiotic stewardship. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 36, 477\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0000000000001473 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"67674_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593","volume":"174","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoll, B. J. et al. Early-onset neonatal sepsis 2015 to 2017, the rise of Escherichia coli, and the need for novel prevention strategies. JAMA Pediatr 174, e200593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"67674_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101878","volume":"10","author":"F Miselli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miselli, F. et al. Escherichia coli is overtaking Group B Streptococcus in early-onset neonatal sepsis. Microorganisms 10, 1878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10101878 (2022).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"67674_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1053862","volume":"29","author":"L Pugni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pugni, L. et al. Chorioamnionitis and neonatal outcome in preterm infants: A clinical overview. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 29, 1525\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14767058.2015.1053862 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"67674_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31002-4","volume":"390","author":"AL Shane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shane, A. L., S\u00e1nchez, P. J. & Stoll, B. J. Neonatal sepsis. Lancet 390, 1770\u20131780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)31002-4 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"67674_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450.e451-410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.024","volume":"210","author":"JA Bastek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bastek, J. A., Weber, A. L., McShea, M. A., Ryan, M. E. & Elovitz, M. A. Prenatal inflammation is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 210, 450.e451\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.024 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-67674-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-67674-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-67674-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T23:03:14Z","timestamp":1721689394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-67674-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["67674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-67674-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16835"}}