{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:53:53Z","timestamp":1779317633100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bilharzia is a parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical illness worldwide. Praziquantel (PZQ) is a commercial single treatment of schistosomiasis so alternative drugs are needed to get rid of its side effects on the liver. The current study aimed to estimate the effective role of\n                    <jats:italic>Ficus carica<\/jats:italic>\n                    nanoparticles (Fc-NPCs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPCs) and\n                    <jats:italic>Ficus carica<\/jats:italic>\n                    nanoparticles loaded on silver nanoparticles (Fc-Ag NPCs) on C57BL\/6 black female mice infected by\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and treated with PZQ treatment. It was proved that schistosomiasis causes liver damage in addition to the PZQ is ineffective as an anti-schistosomiasis; it is recorded in the infected mice group and PZQ treated group as in liver function tests, oxidative stress markers &amp; anti-oxidants, pro-inflammatory markers, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers also in liver cells\u2019 DNA damage. The amelioration in all tested parameters has been clarified in nanoparticle-protected mice groups. The Fc-Ag NPCs\u2009+\u2009PZQ group recorded the best preemptive effects as anti-schistosomiasis. Fc-NPCs, Ag-NPCs and Fc-Ag NPCs could antagonize PZQ effects that were observed in amelioration of all tested parameters. The study showed the phytochemicals\u2019 nanoparticles groups have an ameliorated effect on the health of infected mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68957-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T06:02:19Z","timestamp":1723701739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The synergistic effect of Ficus carica nanoparticles and Praziquantel on mice infected by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Naira A.","family":"El-Attar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamdouh R.","family":"El-Sawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman A.","family":"El-Shabasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"68957_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E366","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00377-4","volume":"5","author":"MT Vaillant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vaillant, M. T. et al. Diagnostic tests for human Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 5, E366\u2013E378 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe."},{"key":"68957_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0013-8","volume":"4","author":"DP McManus","year":"2018","unstructured":"McManus, D. P. et al. Schistosomiasis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 4, 13 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"68957_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2016.06.004","volume":"76","author":"J Kotimaa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kotimaa, J. et al. Sex matters: Systemic complement activity of female C57BL\/6J and BALB\/cJ mice is limited by serum terminal pathway components. Mol. Immunol. 76, 13\u201321 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"68957_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1023-y","volume":"8","author":"N Cowan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cowan, N. & Keiser, J. Repurposing of anticancer drugs: in vitro and in vivo activities against Schistosoma mansoni. Parasites Vectors 8, 417 (2015).","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"384","key":"68957_CR5","first-page":"1094","volume":"5","author":"DG Colley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colley, D. G., Bustinduy, A. L., Secor, W. E. & King, C. H. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 5(384), 1094 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"68957_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.07.002","volume":"200","author":"G Panic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Panic, G., Duthaler, U., Speich, B. & Keiser, J. Repurposing drugs for the treatment and control of helminth infections. Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist. 200(4), 185 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"68957_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137347","volume":"433","author":"Z Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, Z. et al. A surface multiple imprinting layers membrane with well-oriented recognition sites for selective separation of chlorogenic acid from Ficus carica L. Food Chem. 433, 137347 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"68957_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2007.09.002","volume":"21","author":"M Due\u00f1as","year":"2008","unstructured":"Due\u00f1as, M., P\u00e9rez-Alonso, J. J., Santos-Buelga, C. & Escribano-Bail\u00f3n, T. Anthocyanin composition in fig (Ficus carica L). J. Food Compos. Anal. 21, 107\u2013115 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"68957_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.109204","volume":"146","author":"B Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu, B. et al. Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human gut microbiota of polysaccharides from Ficus carica Linn. Food Hydrocoll. 146, 109204 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"68957_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28030960","volume":"28","author":"IFUI Rasool","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasool, I. F. U. I. et al. Industrial application and health prospective of fig (Ficus carica) by-products. Molecules 28, 960 (2023).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"68957_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-021-01417-7","volume":"46","author":"SMA El-Morsy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Morsy, S. M. A., El-Tantawy, S. A. M. & El-Shabasy, E. A. Antischistosomal effects of Ficus carica leaves extract and\/or PZQ on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. J. Parasit. Dis. 46, 87\u2013102 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"68957_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.11.016","volume":"99","author":"N Dur\u00e1n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n, N. et al. Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomed. NBM. 99(12), 789 (2016).","journal-title":"Nanomed. NBM."},{"key":"68957_CR13","volume-title":"Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of Neglected Diseases Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma","author":"M Dur\u00e1n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n, M., F\u00e1varo, W. J., Islan, G. A., Castro, G. R. & Dur\u00e1n, N. Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of Neglected Diseases Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma (Springer, 2017)."},{"key":"68957_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6093-2","volume":"117","author":"MA Moustafa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moustafa, M. A., Mossalem, H. S., Sarhan, R. M., Abdel-Rahman, A. A. & Hassan, E. M. The potential effects of silver and gold nanoparticles as molluscicides and cercaricides on Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitol. Res. 117, 3867\u20133880 (2018).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"1067","key":"68957_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000700006","volume":"822","author":"NM El-Lakkany","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Lakkany, N. M., El-Din, S. H. S., Sabra, A. N. A. A. & Hammam, O. A. Pharmacodynamics of mefloquine and PZQ combination therapy in mice harbouring juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 822(1067), 814 (2011).","journal-title":"Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"68957_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2020.100650","volume":"21","author":"S Salehi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salehi, S., Nori, A., Hosseinzadeh, K. & Ganji, D. D. Hydrothermal analysis of MHD squeezing mixture fluid suspended by hybrid nanoparticles between two parallel plates. Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 21, 100650 (2020).","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"68957_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103927","volume":"15","author":"AM Al-Rajhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Rajhi, A. M., Salem, S. S., Alharbi, A. A. & Abdelghany, T. M. Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Kei-apple (Dovyalis caffra) fruit and their efficacy against cancer cells and clinical pathogenic microorganisms. Arab. J. Chem. 15, 103927 (2022).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"68957_CR18","first-page":"13","volume":"11","author":"EM Wefky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wefky, E. M. Optimization of Xylazine-ketamine anesthetic dose in mice with chronic liver injury. Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. B. Zool. 11, 13\u201318 (2019).","journal-title":"Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. B. Zool."},{"key":"68957_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","volume":"28","author":"A Reitman","year":"1957","unstructured":"Reitman, A. & Frankel, S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J. Clin. Pathol. 28, 56\u201363 (1957).","journal-title":"Am J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"68957_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1159\/000459586","volume":"12","author":"A Belfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Belfield, A. & Goldberg, D. M. Revised assay for serum phenyl phosphatase activity using 4-amino-antipyrine. Enzyme 12, 561\u2013573 (1971).","journal-title":"Enzyme"},{"key":"68957_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(76)90074-7","volume":"72","author":"L Theodorsen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Theodorsen, L. & Str\u00f8mme, J. H. Gamma-Glutamyl-3-carboxy4-nitroanilide: the substrate of choice for routine determinations of gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity in serum?. Clin Chim Acta. 72, 205\u2013210 (1976).","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"68957_CR22","unstructured":"Young, D. S. Effects of disease on Clinical Lab. Tests, 4th Ed. Publisher: AACC. CRID: 1130011606268774031. NII Book ID: BC16166907. Place of Publication: Washington, D.C. (2001)."},{"key":"68957_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(66)90290-7","volume":"13","author":"R Martinek","year":"1966","unstructured":"Martinek, R. Improved micro-method for determination of serum bilirubin. Clin Chim Acta. 13, 161\u2013170 (1966).","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"68957_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, W. & Yagi, K. Anal. Biochem. 95, 351 (1978).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"68957_CR25","first-page":"882","volume":"61","author":"E Beutler","year":"1963","unstructured":"Beutler, E., Duron, O. & Kelly, B. M. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J. Lab Clin. Med. 61, 882\u2013888 (1963).","journal-title":"J. Lab Clin. Med."},{"key":"68957_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","volume":"46","author":"M Nishikimi","year":"1972","unstructured":"Nishikimi, M., Roa, N. A. & Yogi, K. The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Common. 46, 849\u2013854 (1972).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Common."},{"key":"68957_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","volume-title":"Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems","author":"H Aebi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aebi, H. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems 121\u2013126 (ELSEVIER, 1984)."},{"key":"68957_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0","volume":"175","author":"NP Singh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Singh, N. P., McCoy, M. T., Tice, R. R. & Schneider, E. L. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res. 175, 184\u2013191 (1988).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"68957_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"35","author":"RR Tice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tice, R. R. et al. Single cell gel\/ Comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35, 206\u2013221 (2000).","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"68957_CR30","unstructured":"Armitage, P., Berry, G. & Matthews, J. N. S., Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons. Blackwell publishing company. Blackwell Science, Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts. 02148\u20135018 (2008)."},{"key":"68957_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010382","volume":"16","author":"UM Femoe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Femoe, U. M. et al. Pathological and immunological evaluation of different regimens of praziquantel treatment in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl. Trop Dis. 16, e0010382 (2022).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop Dis."},{"key":"68957_CR32","first-page":"10","volume":"9","author":"EA El-Shabasy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Shabasy, E. A., El-Morsy, S. M. A. & Amer, M. A. Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and immunological activities of the ethanolic Ficus carica leave extract and\/or PZQ in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Sci. Res. 9, 10 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Res."},{"key":"68957_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17762","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08280-8","volume":"27","author":"MA Dkhil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dkhil, M. A. et al. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles protect against hepatic injury induced by murine blood-stage malaria infection. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27, 17762\u201317769 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"68957_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.01.055","volume":"119","author":"OS Arvaniti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arvaniti, O. S., Samaras, Y., Gatidou, G., Thomaidis, N. S. & Stasinakis, A. S. Review on fresh and dried figs: Chemical analysis and occurrence of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant capacity and health effects. Food Res. Int. 119, 244\u2013267 (2019).","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"68957_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.011","volume":"90","author":"MS Reshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reshi, M. S. et al. Silver nanoparticles protect acetaminophen induced acute hepatotoxicity: A biochemical and histopathological approach. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 90, 36\u201341 (2017).","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"68957_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103880","volume":"31","author":"AA Alharbi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alharbi, A. A. et al. Valorizing pomegranate wastes by producing functional silver nanoparticles with antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities and its potential in food preservation. Saud. J. Biol. Sci. 31, 103880 (2024).","journal-title":"Saud. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"68957_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2013-0241","volume":"395","author":"J Lugrin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lugrin, J., Rosenblatt-Velin, N., Parapanov, R. & Liaudet, L. The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes. Biol. Chem. Dis. 395, 203\u2013230 (2014).","journal-title":"Biol. Chem. Dis."},{"key":"68957_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.063","volume":"106","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wang, L., Zhou, J., Qin, A. & Chen, Z. The protective effect of formononetin on cognitive impairment in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Biomed. Pharmacother. 106, 1250\u20131257 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"68957_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2023.105145","volume":"25","author":"MB Detoni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Detoni, M. B. et al. Biogenic silver nanoparticle exhibits schistosomicidal activity in vitro and reduces the parasitic burden in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Microb. Infect. 25, 105145 (2023).","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"68957_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0204923","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204923","volume":"13","author":"RS Almeer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeer, R. S., El-Khadragy, M. F., Abdelhabib, S. & Abdel Moneim, A. E. Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma, fibrosis, and oxidative stress through downregulation of fibrinogenic signaling in mice. PLoS ONE. 13, e0204923 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"68957_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5494","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5014484","volume":"8","author":"S Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. A nanoparticle carrying the p53 gene targets tumors including cancer stem cells, sensitizes glioblastoma to chemotherapy and improves survival. ACS Nano. 8, 5494\u20135514 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Nano."},{"key":"68957_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.3390\/s22124332","volume":"22","author":"J Bla\u0161kovi\u010dov\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bla\u0161kovi\u010dov\u00e1, J. & Labuda, J. Effect of triclosan and silver nanoparticles on dna damage investigated with DNA-based biosensor. Sensors 22, 4332 (2022).","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-68957-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-68957-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-68957-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T06:13:50Z","timestamp":1723702430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-68957-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["68957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-68957-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4339172\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18944"}}