{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:22:12Z","timestamp":1781767332496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scott Gray Donor Advised Fund"},{"name":"Gottesdiener Foundation"},{"name":"Tull Family Foundation"},{"name":"DiCecco Family Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69162-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T22:09:28Z","timestamp":1722895768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Low dose rifaximin combined with N-acetylcysteine is superior to rifaximin alone in a rat model of IBS-D: a randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Weitsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"de Freitas Germano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian M.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya L.","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jesus","family":"Villanueva-Millan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maritza","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ayyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchi","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"69162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06109-5","volume":"65","author":"M Pimentel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pimentel, M. & Lembo, A. Microbiome and its role in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig. Dis. Sci. 65, 829\u2013839 (2020).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"69162_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004409","volume":"364","author":"M Pimentel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pimentel, M. et al. Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med 364, 22\u201332 (2011).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"69162_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.08.003","volume":"151","author":"A Lembo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lembo, A. et al. Repeat treatment with rifaximin is safe and effective in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 151, 1113\u20131121 (2016).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"69162_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000504","volume":"115","author":"A Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah, A. et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Am J Gastroenterol 115, 190\u2013201 (2020).","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"69162_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.46","volume":"112","author":"A Rezaie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rezaie, A. et al. Hydrogen and methane-based breath testing in gastrointestinal disorders: The North American Consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 112, 775\u2013784 (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"69162_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000501","volume":"115","author":"M Pimentel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pimentel, M. et al. ACG clinical guideline: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 115, 165\u2013178 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"69162_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghoshal UC, Sachdeva S, Ghoshal U, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal disorders: An initiative of the Indian neurogastroenterology and motility association. Indian J. Gastroenterol 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-022-01292-x"},{"key":"69162_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villanueva-Millan MJ, Leite G, Wang J, et al. Methanogens and Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Guide Distinct Gut Microbe Profiles and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtypes. Am J Gastroenterol 2022.","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001997"},{"key":"69162_CR9","unstructured":"Leite G, Rezaie A, Mathur R, et al. Defining small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by culture and high throughput sequencing. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2023."},{"key":"69162_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1617-1","volume":"19","author":"GGS Leite","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leite, G. G. S. et al. Optimizing microbiome sequencing for small intestinal aspirates: Validation of novel techniques through the REIMAGINE study. BMC Microbiol. 19, 239 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"69162_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3591","volume":"15","author":"M Thabane","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thabane, M. & Marshall, J. K. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. WJG 15, 3591\u20133596 (2009).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol. WJG"},{"key":"69162_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takakura W, Kudaravalli P, Chatterjee C, et al. Campylobacter infection and the link with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: On the pathway towards a causal association. Pathog Dis 2022;80.","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftac003"},{"key":"69162_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9977-z","volume":"53","author":"M Pimentel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pimentel, M. et al. A new rat model links two contemporary theories in irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 53, 982\u2013989 (2008).","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"69162_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.4.434","volume":"18","author":"V Pokkunuri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pokkunuri, V. et al. Role of cytolethal distending toxin in altered stool form and bowel phenotypes in a rat model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 18, 434\u2013442 (2012).","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"69162_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3435-5","volume":"60","author":"M Pimentel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pimentel, M. et al. Autoimmunity links vinculin to the pathophysiology of chronic functional bowel changes following campylobacter jejuni infection in a rat model. Dig. Dis. Sci. 60, 1195\u20131205 (2015).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"69162_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12118","volume":"25","author":"J Sung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sung, J. et al. Effect of repeated campylobacter jejuni infection on gut flora and mucosal defense in a rat model of post infectious functional and microbial bowel changes. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 25, 529\u2013537 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"69162_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales W, Triantafyllou K, Parodi G, et al. Immunization with cytolethal distending toxin B produces autoantibodies to vinculin and small bowel bacterial changes in a rat model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 2020:e13875.","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13875"},{"key":"69162_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293170","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2293170","volume":"16","author":"G Leite","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leite, G. et al. Cytolethal distending toxin B inoculation leads to distinct gut microtypes and IBS-D-like microRNA-mediated gene expression changes in a rodent model. Gut. Microbes 16, 2293170 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut. Microbes"},{"key":"69162_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2720-2722.2002","volume":"46","author":"JC Palomino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palomino, J. C. et al. Resazurin microtiter assay plate: Simple and inexpensive method for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2720\u20132722 (2002).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"69162_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.031245","volume":"53","author":"A Fite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fite, A. et al. Identification and quantitation of mucosal and faecal desulfovibrios using real time polymerase chain reaction. Gut 53, 523\u2013529 (2004).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"69162_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.03.008","volume":"130","author":"DA Drossman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drossman, D. A. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process. Gastroenterology 130, 1377\u20131390 (2006).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"69162_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacy, B. E., & Patel, N. K. Rome criteria and a diagnostic approach to irritable bowel syndrome. J. Clin. Med. Res. 2017;6.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6110099"},{"key":"69162_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.12.039","volume":"152","author":"F Klem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klem, F. et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of irritable bowel syndrome after infectious enteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 152, 1042-1054.e1 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"69162_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2021.03.003","volume":"50","author":"P Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, P. & Lembo, A. Emerging role of the gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 50, 523\u2013545 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"69162_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08197-5","volume":"69","author":"MJ Villanueva-Millan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villanueva-Millan, M. J. et al. Hydrogen sulfide producers drive a diarrhea-like phenotype and a methane producer drives a constipation-like phenotype in animal models. Dig. Dis. Sci. 69, 426\u2013436 (2024).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"69162_CR26","unstructured":"FDA. FDA approves two therapies to treat IBS-D [news release]. Silver Spring, MD, 2015."},{"key":"69162_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000444","volume":"114","author":"A Rezaie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaie, A. et al. Lactulose breath testing as a predictor of response to rifaximin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 114, 1886\u20131893 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"69162_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000024","volume":"34","author":"S Aslam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aslam, S. & Darouiche, R. O. Role of antibiofilm-antimicrobial agents in controlling device-related infections. Int. J. Artif. Organs 34, 752\u2013758 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-69162-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-69162-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-69162-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T02:04:04Z","timestamp":1723169044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-69162-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["69162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-69162-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"M.P. is a consultant for Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., Salvo Health, Dieta Health and Vivante Health Inc. A.R. is a consultant\/speaker for and has received grant support from Bausch Health. Cedars-Sinai has a licensing agreement with Gemelli Biotech and Hobbs Medical. A.R., M.P., and R.M. have equity in Gemelli Biotech and Good LFE. M.P. has equity in Dieta Health, Salvo Health and Vivante Health. All other authors report no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18140"}}