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Dr. Poland provides consultative advice to AiZtech, AstraZeneca, Emergent, GlaxoSmithKline, Invivyd, Medscape\/WebMD, Johnson & Johnson\/Janssen, Medicago, Merck & Co. Inc., Moderna, NovaSource\/NorthStar Energy, Novavax, Ocugen, Regeneron, Sanofi, Syneos Health, and Valneva. Dr. Poland is an adviser to the White House and World Health Organization on COVID-19 vaccines and monkeypox, respectively. Poland and Ovsyannikova hold patents related to vaccinia and measles peptide vaccines. Drs. Kennedy, Poland, and Ovsyannikova hold a patent related to vaccinia peptide vaccines. Drs. Poland, Kennedy, and Ovsyannikova have received grant funding from ICW Ventures for preclinical studies on a peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine. Dr. Kennedy has received funding from Merck Research Laboratories to study waning immunity to mumps vaccine. These activities have been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and are conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18776"}}