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(DLR)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The impact of climate change and urbanization has increased the risk of flooding. During the UN Climate Change Conference 28 (COP 28), an agreement was reached to establish \u201cThe Loss and Damage Fund\u201d to assist low-income countries impacted by climate change. However, allocating the resources required for post-flood reconstruction and reimbursement is challenging due to the limited availability of data and the absence of a comprehensive tool. Here, we propose a novel resource allocation framework based on remote sensing and geospatial data near the flood peak, such as buildings and population. The quantification of resource distribution utilizes an exposure index for each municipality, which interacts with various drivers, including flood hazard drivers, buildings exposure, and population exposure. The proposed framework asses the flood extension using pre- and post-flood Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework, an analysis was conducted on the flood that occurred in the Thessaly region of Greece in September 2023. The study revealed that the municipality of Palamas has the highest need for resource allocation, with an exposure index rating of 5\/8. Any government can use this framework for rapid decision-making and to expedite post-flood recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69977-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T12:35:56Z","timestamp":1724157356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A satellite imagery-driven framework for rapid resource allocation in flood scenarios to enhance loss and damage fund effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Eudaric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Kreibich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Camero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasra","family":"Rafiezadeh Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Martinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Xiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"69977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kreibich, H., S. K. & Van Loon, A.F. The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management. Nature 608, 80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04917-5 (2022).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04917-5"},{"key":"69977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rentschler, J., M. M. & Avner, P. Global evidence of rapid urban growth in flood zones since 1985. Nature 622, 87\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06468-9 (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06468-9"},{"key":"69977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tellman, B., K. C. & Sullivan, J.A. Satellite imaging reveals increased proportion of population exposed to floods. Nature 596, 80\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03695-w (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03695-w"},{"key":"69977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30727-4","author":"J Rentschler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rentschler, J., Salhab, M. & Jafino, B. A. Flood exposure and poverty in 188 countries. Nat. Commun.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-30727-4 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"69977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dottori\u00a0F., C. J. & Szewczyk, W. Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic warming. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 781\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0257-z (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-018-0257-z"},{"key":"69977_CR6","unstructured":"Loss and Damage Fund COP28. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2023\/12\/cop28-loss-and-damage-fund-climate-change\/ (2023)."},{"key":"69977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-03578-2","volume":"623","author":"RH Clarke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clarke, R. H. et al. Climate loss-and-damage funding: A mechanism to make it work. Nature 623, 689\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-023-03578-2 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"69977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaidyanathan, G. A giant fund for climate disasters will soon open. Who should be paid first? Nature. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-024-00149-x (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-00149-x"},{"key":"69977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-10-1697-2010","volume":"10","author":"B Merz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merz, B., Kreibich, H., Schwarze, R. & Thieken, A. Assessment of economic flood damage. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 10, 1697\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-10-1697-2010 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"69977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-015-9654-z","volume":"20","author":"H de Moel","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Moel, H. et al. Flood risk assessments at different spatial scales. Mitigation Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 20, 865\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11027-015-9654-z (2015).","journal-title":"Mitigation Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change"},{"key":"69977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01158-8","volume":"11","author":"M Tanoue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanoue, M., Taguchi, R., Alifu, H. & Hirabayashi, Y. Residual flood damage under intensive adaptation. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 823\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-021-01158-8 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"69977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kreibich\u00a0H., B. L. & van den Bergh, J. Costing natural hazards. Nat. Clim. Change 4, 303\u2013306 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate2182 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2182"},{"key":"69977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemmati, M., Kornhuber, K. & Kruczkiewicz, A. 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