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Despite its widespread use electrode placement is elaborative, time-consuming, and the overall experimental setting is prone to mechanical artifacts and thus offers little flexibility. Wireless and easy-to-apply technologies would facilitate more accessible examination in a realistic setting. To address this, a novel smart skin technology consisting of wireless dry 16-electrodes was tested. The soft electrode arrays were attached to the right hemiface of 37 healthy adult participants (60% female; 20 to 57\u00a0years). The participants performed three runs of a standard set of different facial expression exercises. Linear mixed-effects models utilizing the sEMG amplitudes as outcome measure were used to evaluate differences between the facial movement tasks and runs (separately for every task). The smart electrodes showed specific activation patterns for each of the exercises. 82% of the exercises could be differentiated from each other with very high precision when using the average muscle action of all electrodes. The effects were consistent during the 3 runs. Thus, it appears that wireless high-resolution sEMG analysis with smart skin technology successfully discriminates standard facial expressions in research and clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70205-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T18:03:21Z","timestamp":1724177001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Wireless high-resolution surface facial electromyography mask for discrimination of standardized facial expressions in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Funk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bara","family":"Levit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Bar-Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dvir","family":"Ben-Dov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd Fabian","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Grassme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas-Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Hanein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"70205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(90)90079-c","volume":"31","author":"W Hubert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hubert, W. & de Jong-Meyer, R. Psychophysiological response patterns to positive and negative film stimuli. Biol. Psychol. 31, 73\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0301-0511(90)90079-c (1991).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"70205_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01388","volume":"11","author":"TTA Hofling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofling, T. T. A., Gerdes, A. B. M., Fohl, U. & Alpers, G. W. Read my face: Automatic facial coding versus psychophysiological indicators of emotional valence and arousal. Front. Psychol. 11, 1388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01388 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"70205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254932","volume":"16","author":"NP Schumann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schumann, N. P., Bongers, K., Scholle, H. C. & Guntinas-Lichius, O. 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This does not alter her adherence to scientific and publication policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare: The other authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19317"}}