{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:43:37Z","timestamp":1791895417013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/04202-0, 2018\/14384-9, 2021\/11936-3, 2022\/05566-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/04202-0, 2018\/14384-9, 2021\/11936-3, 2022\/05566-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundo de Investimento para Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Sanit\u00e1ria e Imuniza\u00e7\u00e3o em Massa contra Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis","award":["011\/2021, 59\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["011\/2021, 59\/2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01160075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01160075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305301\/2022-5, MS-DIAHV 24\/2019 process 442776\/2019-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305301\/2022-5, MS-DIAHV 24\/2019 process 442776\/2019-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71047-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T12:02:48Z","timestamp":1724846568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An unexpected IgE anti-receptor binding domain response following natural infection and different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0875-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Izeli","family":"Portilho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria Oliveira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8972-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernan Hermes Monteiro","family":"Da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6932-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemeire","family":"Yamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Penteriche","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana Barros","family":"de Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7701-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"Prudencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine Monteiro","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1022-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Fernando","family":"de Macedo Br\u00edgido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"De Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"71047_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00235","volume":"4","author":"AM Collins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Collins, A. M. & Jackson, K. J. L. A temporal model of human IgE and IgG antibody function. Front. Immunol. 4, 235 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-023-00996-2","volume":"45","author":"F Krammer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krammer, F. The role of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic: What have we learned? Semin. Immunopathol. 45, 451\u2013468 (2023).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"71047_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00229","volume":"3","author":"HJ Bax","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bax, H. J., Keeble, A. H. & Gould, H. J. Cytokinergic IgE action in mast cell activation. Front. Immunol. 3, 229 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0621-x","volume":"16","author":"RC Aalberse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aalberse, R. C., Platts-Mills, T. A. & Rispens, T. The developmental history of IgE and IgG4 antibodies in relation to atopy, eosinophilic esophagitis, and the modified Th2 response. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 16, 45 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"71047_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03207.x","volume":"39","author":"RC Aalberse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aalberse, R. C., Stapel, S. O., Schuurman, J. & Rispens, T. Immunoglobulin G4: An odd antibody. Clin. Exp. Allergy 39, 469\u2013477 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"71047_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11050991","volume":"11","author":"VN Uversky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uversky, V. N., Redwan, E. M., Makis, W. & Rubio-Casillas, A. IgG4 Antibodies induced by repeated vaccination may generate immune tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Vaccines 11, 991 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"71047_CR7","first-page":"133","volume":"2","author":"G Bauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer, G. High avidity of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2: Potential relevance for protective humoral immunity. Explor. Immunol. 2, 133\u2013156 (2021).","journal-title":"Explor. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac492","volume":"227","author":"Y Nakagama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakagama, Y. et al. Antibody avidity maturation following recovery from infection or the booster vaccination grants breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing capacity. J. Infect. Dis. 227, 780\u2013787 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"71047_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27270","volume":"93","author":"F Struck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Struck, F. et al. Vaccination versus infection with SARS-CoV-2: Establishment of a high avidity IgG response versus incomplete avidity maturation. J. Med. Virol. 93, 6765\u20136777 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"71047_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818732","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.818732","volume":"3","author":"S Hazebrouck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hazebrouck, S., Canon, N. & Dreskin, S. C. The effector function of allergens. Front. Allergy 3, 818732 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"key":"71047_CR11","first-page":"87","volume":"110","author":"RHD Bui","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bui, R. H. D. et al. Virus-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in serum of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus. J. Pediatr. 110, 87\u201390 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"71047_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2009.5353","volume":"5","author":"TA Smith-Norowitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith-Norowitz, T. A. et al. Long term persistence of IgE anti-varicella zoster virus in pediatric and adult serum post chicken pox infection and after vaccination with varicella virus vaccine. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. 5, 353\u2013358 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"71047_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.12.011","volume":"75","author":"TA Smith-Norowitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith-Norowitz, T. A. et al. IgE anti hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibodies detected in serum from inner city asthmatic and non asthmatic children. Hum. Immunol. 75, 378\u2013382 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.8.239","volume":"8","author":"TA Smith-Norowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith-Norowitz, T. A. et al. Long term persistence of IgE anti-influenza virus antibodies in pediatric and adult serum post vaccination with influenza virus vaccine. Int. J. Med. Sci. 8, 239\u2013244 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"71047_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5073","volume":"100","author":"F Imani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Imani, F. & Kehoe, K. E. Infection of human B lymphocytes with MMR vaccine induces IgE class switching. Clin. Immunol. 100, 355\u2013361 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03382-y","volume":"20","author":"J Pl\u016bme","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pl\u016bme, J. et al. Early and strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients. J. Transl. Med. 20, 176 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"71047_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020064","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1020064","volume":"13","author":"K Gim\u00e9nez-Orenga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Orenga, K. et al. HERV-W ENV antigenemia and correlation of increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin levels with post-COVID-19 symptoms. Front. Immunol. 13, 1020064 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27396","volume":"94","author":"VO Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva, V. O. et al. Inhibition of receptor-binding domain\u2014ACE2 interaction after two doses of sinovac\u2019s CoronaVac or AstraZeneca\/Oxford\u2019s AZD1222 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 94, 1217\u20131223 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"71047_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2014.1004026","volume":"11","author":"P He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He, P., Zou, Y. & Hu, Z. Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 11, 477\u2013488 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"71047_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.4.1355","volume":"91","author":"P Jeannin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeannin, P., Delneste, Y., Lecoanet-Henchoz, S., Gretener, D. & Bonnefoy, J. Y. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) enhances class switching to IgE and IgG4 in the presence of T cells via IL-9 and sCD23. Blood 91, 1355\u20131361 (1998).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"71047_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00170-7","volume":"221","author":"A Frey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frey, A., Di, J. & Zurakowski, D. A statistically defined endpoint titer determination method for immunoassays. J. Immunol. Methods 221, 35\u201341 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"71047_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.04.007","volume":"137","author":"MA Sanjuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanjuan, M. A., Sagar, D. & Kolbeck, R. Role of IgE in autoimmunity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 137, 1651\u20131661 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.06.006","volume":"9","author":"M Greenhawt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greenhawt, M. et al. The risk of allergic reaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and recommended evaluation and management: A systematic review, meta-analysis, GRADE assessment, and international consensus approach. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 9, 3546\u20133567 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"71047_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108906","volume":"109","author":"H Kouhpayeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kouhpayeh, H. & Ansari, H. Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 109, 108906 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"71047_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070360","volume":"204","author":"MH Grayson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grayson, M. H. et al. Induction of high-affinity IgE receptor on lung dendritic cells during viral infection leads to mucous cell metaplasia. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2759\u20132769 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"71047_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13237","volume":"289","author":"B Recalde-Zamacona","year":"2021","unstructured":"Recalde-Zamacona, B. et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in upper respiratory tract samples: A case-control study. J. Intern. Med. 289, 921\u2013925 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"71047_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.3390\/children10101598","volume":"10","author":"RW K\u00f6rner","year":"2023","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, R. W., Bansemir, O. Y., Franke, R., Sturm, J. & Dafsari, H. S. Atopy and elevation of IgE, IgG3, and IgG4 may be risk factors for Post COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents. Children 10, 1598 (2023).","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"71047_CR28","first-page":"530","volume":"19","author":"D Tomsitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tomsitz, D., Biedermann, T. & Brockow, K. Skin manifestations reported in association with COVID-19 infection. JDDG J. Ger. Soc. Dermatol. 19, 530\u2013534 (2021).","journal-title":"JDDG J. Ger. Soc. Dermatol."},{"key":"71047_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95045-z","volume":"11","author":"AD Moura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moura, A. D. et al. Assessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients. Sci. Rep. 11, 17642 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"71047_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.09.012","volume":"93","author":"E Della-Torre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Della-Torre, E. et al. Serum IgG4 level predicts COVID-19 related mortality. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 93, 107\u2013109 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"71047_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eade2798","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ade2798","volume":"8","author":"P Irrgang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Irrgang, P. et al. Class switch toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Sci. Immunol. 8, eade2798 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40103-x","volume":"13","author":"P Kiszel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiszel, P. et al. Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history. Sci. Rep. 13, 13166 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"71047_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020844","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1020844","volume":"13","author":"JS Buhre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buhre, J. S. et al. mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce comparably low long-term IgG Fc galactosylation and sialylation levels but increasing long-term IgG4 responses compared to an adenovirus-based vaccine. Front. Immunol. 13, 1020844 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106119","volume":"88","author":"R Kalkeri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalkeri, R. et al. Altered IgG4 antibody response to repeated mRNA versus recombinant protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. J. Infect. 88, 6\u20138 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"71047_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00344","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00344-20","volume":"5","author":"K Kadkhoda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kadkhoda, K. COVID-19: An immunopathological view. mSphere 5, e00344-e420 (2020).","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"71047_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adg7327","volume":"8","author":"S Pillai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pillai, S. Is it bad, is it good, or is IgG4 just misunderstood?. Sci. Immunol. 8, 3\u20135 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/088922202753519142","volume":"18","author":"MG Pellegrino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pellegrino, M. G. et al. HIV type 1-specific IgE in serum of long-term surviving children inhibits HIV type 1 production in vitro. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 18, 363\u2013372 (2002).","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"71047_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03726.x","volume":"153","author":"SL Fu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fu, S. L. et al. Immunoglobulin E antibodies from pancreatic cancer patients mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 153, 401\u2013409 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44211-0","volume":"15","author":"BS Haslund-Gourley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haslund-Gourley, B. S. et al. IgM N-glycosylation correlates with COVID-19 severity and rate of complement deposition. Nat. Commun. 15, 404 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"71047_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.03.010","volume":"82","author":"MJ Murray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murray, M. J. et al. Validation of a commercially available indirect assay for SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies using a pseudotyped virus assay. J. Infect. 82, 170\u2013177 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"71047_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231422","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02314-22","volume":"11","author":"M Graninger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Graninger, M. et al. Comprehensive comparison of seven SARS-CoV-2-specific surrogate virus neutralization and anti-spike IgG antibody assays using a live-virus neutralization assay as a reference. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0231422 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"71047_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab220","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab220","volume":"8","author":"J Papenburg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papenburg, J. et al. Evaluation of a commercial culture-free neutralization antibody detection kit for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 and comparison with an antireceptor-binding domain enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Open Forum. Infect. Dis 8, ofab220 (2021).","journal-title":"Open Forum. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"71047_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664526","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.664526","volume":"12","author":"SR Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan, S. R. et al. Determinants of serum immunoglobulin levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Immunol. 12, 664526 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00950.x","volume":"24","author":"E Omenaas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Omenaas, E., Bakke, P., Elsayed, S., Hanoa, R. & Gulsvik, A. Total and specific serum IgE levels in adults: Relationship to sex, age and environmental factors. Clin. Exp. Allergy 24, 530\u2013539 (1994).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"71047_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(81)90167-6","volume":"68","author":"RA Barbee","year":"1981","unstructured":"Barbee, R. A., Halonen, M., Lebowitz, M. & Burrows, B. Distribution of IgE in a community population sample: correlations with age, sex, and allergen skin test reactivity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 68, 106\u2013111 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"71047_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.100","volume":"57","author":"D Stadlbauer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stadlbauer, D. et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans: A detailed protocol for a serological assay, antigen production, and test setup. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 57, 1\u201315 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"71047_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.584-590.2002","volume":"70","author":"CL Vermont","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vermont, C. L. et al. Antibody avidity and immunoglobulin G isotype distribution following immunization with a monovalent meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. Infect. Immun. 70, 584\u2013590 (2002).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"71047_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11849","volume":"108","author":"B Chackerian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chackerian, B., Lowy, D. R. & Schiller, J. T. Conjugation of a self-antigen to papillomavirus-like particles allows for efficient induction of protective autoantibodies. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 415\u2013423 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"71047_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.07.007","volume":"418","author":"JD Dimitrov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dimitrov, J. D., Lacroix-Desmazes, S. & Kaveri, S. V. Important parameters for evaluation of antibody avidity by immunosorbent assay. Anal. Biochem. 418, 149\u2013151 (2011).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"71047_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702001000300007","volume":"5","author":"E De Gaspari","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Gaspari, E. & Zollinger, W. Expression of class 5 antigens by meningococcal strains obtained from patients in Brazil and evaluation of two new monoclonal antibodies. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 5, 143\u2013153 (2001).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71047-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71047-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71047-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T13:10:59Z","timestamp":1724850659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71047-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["71047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-71047-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4259478\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20003"}}