{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:48:22Z","timestamp":1788184102621,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71866-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T11:01:49Z","timestamp":1725793309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Europe has the fastest Ironman race courses and the fastest Ironman age group triathletes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-1871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mabliny","family":"Thuany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4133-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Villiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8030-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantelis T.","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7819-4384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Cuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01473.x","volume":"24","author":"M Stiefel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stiefel, M., Knechtle, B. & Lepers, R. Master triathletes have not reached limits in their Ironman triathlon performance. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 24(1), 89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01473.x (2014).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"71866_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-012-9392-z","volume":"35","author":"R Lepers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lepers, R., R\u00fcst, C. A., Stapley, P. J. & Knechtle, B. Relative improvements in endurance performance with age: Evidence from 25 years of Hawaii Ironman racing. Age (Dordr) 35(3), 953\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-012-9392-z (2013).","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"9","key":"71866_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0067-4","volume":"43","author":"R Lepers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lepers, R., Knechtle, B. & Stapley, P. Trends in triathlon performance: Effects of sex and age. Sports Med. 43(9), 851\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-013-0067-4 (2013).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"71866_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2466\/05.25.Pms.111.5.437-446","volume":"111","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knechtle, B., Wirth, A. & Rosemann, T. Predictors of race time in male Ironman triathletes: Physical characteristics, training, or prerace experience? Percept. Mot. Skills 111(2), 437\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/05.25.Pms.111.5.437-446 (2010).","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599628","volume":"81","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knechtle, B., Wirth, A., Baumann, B., Knechtle, P. & Rosemann, T. Personal best time, percent body fat, and training are differently associated with race time for male and female Ironman triathletes. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 81(1), 62\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701367.2010.10599628 (2010).","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"71866_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4077\/cjp.2012.Baa014","volume":"55","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fcst, C. A. et al. Personal best times in an Olympic distance triathlon and a marathon predict an Ironman race time for recreational female triathletes. Chin. J. Physiol. 55(3), 156\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4077\/cjp.2012.Baa014 (2012).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-1-15","volume":"1","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00fcst, C. A., Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T. & Lepers, R. Sex difference in race performance and age of peak performance in the Ironman Triathlon World Championship from 1983 to 2012. Extreme Physiol. Med. 1(1), 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-1-15 (2012).","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"71866_CR8","first-page":"73","volume":"5","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knechtle, B. Relationship of anthropometric and training characteristics with race performance in endurance and ultra-endurance athletes. Asian J. Sports Med. 5(2), 73\u201390 (2014).","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR9","first-page":"12","volume":"39","author":"JP Gulbin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gulbin, J. P. & Gaffney, P. T. Ultraendurance triathlon participation: Typical race preparation of lower level triathletes. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 39(1), 12\u201315 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"71866_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113344","volume":"232","author":"R Sinisgalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinisgalli, R. et al. Impact of training volume and experience on amateur Ironman triathlon performance. Physiol. Behav. 232, 113344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113344 (2021).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"71866_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0244-0","volume":"44","author":"V Vleck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vleck, V., Millet, G. P. & Alves, F. B. The impact of triathlon training and racing on athletes\u2019 general health. Sports Med. 44(12), 1659\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-014-0244-0 (2014).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2466\/06.25.29.Pms.115.4.283-299","volume":"115","author":"D Gianoli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gianoli, D. et al. Comparison between recreational male Ironman triathletes and marathon runners. Percept. Mot. Skills 115(1), 283\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/06.25.29.Pms.115.4.283-299 (2012).","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Skills"},{"issue":"16","key":"71866_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5651","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202208_29498","volume":"26","author":"V de Oliveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Oliveira, V. et al. Factors associated with perceived performance drops and musculoskeletal injuries in Brazilian recreational triathletes. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 26(16), 5651\u20135659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202208_29498 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"71866_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2013.813971","volume":"14","author":"M Kandel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kandel, M., Baeyens, J. P. & Clarys, P. Somatotype, training and performance in Ironman athletes. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 14(4), 301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2013.813971 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"71866_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S85310","volume":"6","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knechtle, B. et al. Variables that influence Ironman triathlon performance\u2014What changed in the last 35 years? Open Access J. Sports Med. 6, 277\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OAJSM.S85310 (2015).","journal-title":"Open Access J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"71866_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c643b6","volume":"24","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knechtle, B. et al. Differential correlations between anthropometry, training volume, and performance in male and female Ironman triathletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24(10), 2785\u20132793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c643b6 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34823","volume":"2","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Knechtle, B., Wirth, A., Alexander R\u00fcst, C. & Rosemann, T. The relationship between anthropometry and split performance in recreational male Ironman triathletes. Asian J. Sports Med. 2(1), 23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.34823 (2011).","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"71866_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/ijgm.S40202","volume":"6","author":"M Stiefel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stiefel, M., R\u00fcst, C. A., Rosemann, T. & Knechtle, B. A comparison of participation and performance in age-group finishers competing in and qualifying for Ironman Hawaii. Int. J. Gen. Med. 6, 67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijgm.S40202 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"71866_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2052-1847-6-16","volume":"6","author":"P D\u00e4hler","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u00e4hler, P., R\u00fcst, C. A., Rosemann, T., Lepers, R. & Knechtle, B. Nation related participation and performance trends in \u2018Ironman Hawaii\u2019 from 1985 to 2012. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil. 6, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2052-1847-6-16 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"71866_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001796","volume":"32","author":"IW K\u00e4ch","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00e4ch, I. W., R\u00fcst, C. A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T. & Knechtle, B. The age-related performance decline in Ironman triathlon starts earlier in swimming than in cycling and running. J. Strength Cond. Res. 32(2), 379\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001796 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2018.1546703","volume":"27","author":"B Knechtle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knechtle, B., K\u00e4ch, I., Rosemann, T. & Nikolaidis, P. T. The effect of sex, age and performance level on pacing of Ironman triathletes. Res. Sports Med. 27(1), 99\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15438627.2018.1546703 (2019).","journal-title":"Res. Sports Med."},{"key":"71866_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654552","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.654552","volume":"12","author":"CV Sousa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sousa, C. V. et al. What is the best discipline to predict overall triathlon performance? An analysis of sprint, Olympic, Ironman 70.3, and Ironman 140.6. Front. Physiol. 12, 654552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.654552 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"71866_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001335","volume":"30","author":"P Figueiredo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Figueiredo, P., Marques, E. A. & Lepers, R. Changes in contributions of swimming, cycling, and running performances on overall triathlon performance over a 26-year period. J. Strength Cond. Res. 30(9), 2406\u20132415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001335 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"71866_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210202.33070.55","volume":"38","author":"CR Abbiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abbiss, C. R. et al. Dynamic pacing strategies during the cycle phase of an Ironman triathlon. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38(4), 726\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.mss.0000210202.33070.55 (2006).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"7","key":"71866_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1065341","volume":"34","author":"B Ofoghi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ofoghi, B., Zeleznikow, J., Macmahon, C., Rehula, J. & Dwyer, D. B. Performance analysis and prediction in triathlon. J. Sports Sci. 34(7), 607\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2015.1065341 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"71866_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.6.2.183","volume":"6","author":"Y Le Meur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Le Meur, Y. et al. Relationships between triathlon performance and pacing strategy during the run in an international competition. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 6(2), 183\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.6.2.183 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2023.07.008","volume":"6","author":"P Puccinelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Puccinelli, P. et al. Origin and age group of the fastest amateur triathletes competing in \u2018Ironman Hawaii\u2019 between 2003 and 2019. Sports Med. Health Sci. 6(1), 70\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smhs.2023.07.008 (2024).","journal-title":"Sports Med. Health Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"71866_CR28","first-page":"10","volume":"1","author":"D J\u00fcrgens","year":"2012","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgens, D. et al. An analysis of participation and performance by nationality at \u2018Ironman Switzerland\u2019 from 1995 to 2011. J. Sci. Cycl. 1(2), 10\u201320 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Cycl."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR29","first-page":"33","volume":"2","author":"CA R\u00fcst","year":"2013","unstructured":"R\u00fcst, C. A., Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., Rosemann, T. & Lepers, R. The aspect of nationality in participation and performance at the \u2018Powerman Duathlon World Championship\u2019\u2014The \u2018Powerman Zofingen\u2019 from 2002 to 2011. J. Sci. Cycl. 2(1), 33\u201339 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Cycl."},{"issue":"4","key":"71866_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.57130","volume":"8","author":"PT Nikolaidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikolaidis, P. T., Kach, I., Rosemann, T. & Knechtle, B. The role of nationality on the pacing of Ironman triathletes. Asian J. Sports Med. 8(4), e57130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.57130 (2017).","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"71866_CR31","volume-title":"Kenyan Running: Movement Culture, Geography and Global Change","author":"J Bale","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bale, J. & Sang, J. Kenyan Running: Movement Culture, Geography and Global Change 1st edn. (Routledge, 1996).","edition":"1"},{"key":"71866_CR32","volume-title":"Kenyan Running\u2014Movement Culture, Geography and Global Change","author":"E Said","year":"1997","unstructured":"Said, E. Development, underdevelopment, resistance. In Kenyan Running\u2014Movement Culture, Geography and Global Change (eds Bale, J. & Sang, J.) (Routledge, 1997)."},{"issue":"4","key":"71866_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500189033","volume":"24","author":"V Onywera","year":"2006","unstructured":"Onywera, V., Scott, R. A., Boit, M. K. & Pitsiladis, Y. P. Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners. J. Sports Sci. 24(4), 415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640410500189033 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-7648-2-27","volume":"2","author":"M Stiefel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stiefel, M., Knechtle, B., R\u00fcst, C. A., Rosemann, T. & Lepers, R. The age of peak performance in Ironman triathlon: A cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis. Extreme Physiol. Med. 2(1), 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-7648-2-27 (2013).","journal-title":"Extreme Physiol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-538","volume":"3","author":"R Knechtle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knechtle, R., R\u00fcst, C. A., Rosemann, T. & Knechtle, B. The best triathletes are older in longer race distances\u2014A comparison between Olympic, Half-Ironman and Ironman distance triathlon. SpringerPlus 3(1), 538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-3-538 (2014).","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-013-9534-y","volume":"36","author":"D Gallmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gallmann, D., Knechtle, B., R\u00fcst, C. A., Rosemann, T. & Lepers, R. Elite triathletes in \u2018Ironman Hawaii\u2019 get older but faster. Age (Dordr) 36(1), 407\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-013-9534-y (2014).","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e57997","volume":"43","author":"R Lepers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lepers, R. & Maffiuletti, N. A. Age and gender interactions in ultraendurance performance: Insight from the triathlon. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 43(1), 134\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181e57997 (2011).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"71866_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.30937\/2526-6314.v4.id114","volume":"4","author":"J Poczta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poczta, J. & Malchrowicz-Mosko, E. Mass triathlon participation as a human need to set the goals and cross the borders. How to understand the triathlete? Olimp. J. Olymp. Stud. 4, 244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30937\/2526-6314.v4.id114 (2020).","journal-title":"Olimp. J. Olymp. Stud."},{"issue":"5","key":"71866_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P113","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.5.p113","volume":"43","author":"R Schulz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schulz, R. & Curnow, C. Peak performance and age among superathletes: Track and field, swimming, baseball, tennis, and golf. J. Gerontol. 43(5), P113\u2013P120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/43.5.p113 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"71866_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000000221","volume":"46","author":"RM Malcata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malcata, R. M., Hopkins, W. G. & Pearson, S. N. Tracking career performance of successful triathletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 46(6), 1227\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0000000000000221 (2014).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"10","key":"71866_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0354-3","volume":"45","author":"SV Allen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allen, S. V. & Hopkins, W. G. Age of peak competitive performance of elite athletes: A systematic review. Sports Med. 45(10), 1431\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0354-3 (2015).","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"71866_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01469","volume":"10","author":"G Olcina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olcina, G., Crespo, C., Tim\u00f3n, R., Mjaanes, J. M. & Calleja-Gonz\u00e1lez, J. Core temperature response during the marathon portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii). Front. Physiol. 10, 1469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.01469 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"71866_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002807","volume":"32","author":"JL Pryor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pryor, J. L. et al. Pacing strategy of a full Ironman overall female winner on a course with major elevation changes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 32(11), 3080\u20133087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002807 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"71866_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.12.001","volume":"18","author":"EC Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson, E. C. et al. Bike and run pacing on downhill segments predict Ironman triathlon relative success. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 18(1), 82\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.12.001 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71866-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71866-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71866-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1725793361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-71866-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["71866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-71866-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kanton St. Gallen, Switzerland, with a waiver of the requirement for informed consent of the participants as the study involved the analysis of publicly available data (EKSG 01\/06\/2010). The study was conducted in accordance with recognized ethical standards according to the Declaration of Helsinki adopted in 1964 and revised in 2013.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"20903"}}