{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:53:07Z","timestamp":1787003587577,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Biodiesel is rapidly becoming an efficient substitute for fuel and a potentially significant future renewable energy source. In recent years, used cooking oil has been used as a feedstock for biofuel to reduce production costs. Due to its high catalytic activity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, Nano magnesium oxide (MgO) has attracted attention as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Our work presents the preparation of nanomagnesium oxide (MgO) by the sol\u2013gel method, and its characterization. Optimum conditions and the productive combination of waste cooking oil, methanol, and the synthesized nanocatalyst were predicted using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were methanol to oil ratio of 7:1, temperature of 50\u00a0\u00b0C and time of 60 min. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. The predicted model's F-value was 9.09 indicating that the model is significant. The model's pure error had a poor correlation, as the \"Lack of Fit F-values\u201d 4.16. The quadratic model fits the data well because the R-squared value for the model equation\u00a092%. The expected values for the yield of biodiesel production responses are quite like the actual values, demonstrating the consistency of the models used for establishing a relationship between the independent process variables and the responses. Biodiesel was characterized using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71930-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T11:03:01Z","timestamp":1727175781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sustainable production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using magnesium oxide nano catalyst: An optimization study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sabah Mohamed","family":"Farouk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aghareed M.","family":"Tayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa M.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen M. 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Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification\u2014a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 10, 248\u2013268 (2006).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"71930_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8524(99)00025-5","volume":"70","author":"F Ma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ma, F. & Hanna, M. A. Biodiesel production: A review1Journal Series #12109 agricultural research division, institute of agriculture and natural resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 1. Bioresour. Technol. 70, 1\u201315 (1999).","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"71930_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/ijbbb.2012.v2.151","author":"M Thirumarimurugan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thirumarimurugan, M., Sivakumar, V. M., Xavier, A. M., Prabhakaran, D. & Kannadasan, T. Preparation of biodiesel from sunflower oil by transesterification. Int. J. Biosci. Biochem. 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