{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:38:25Z","timestamp":1776494305199,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108S101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108S101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005037","name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72199-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T14:02:21Z","timestamp":1729087341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Small world properties of schizophrenia and OCD patients derived from fNIRS based functional brain network connectivity metrics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ata","family":"Ak\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Yorganc\u0131gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozan Cem","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernis","family":"S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcba\u015f\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceyhun","family":"K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u00e7im","family":"Elg\u00fcn K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seda Nilg\u00fcn","family":"Dumlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclnaz","family":"Y\u00fckselen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Burcu","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"72199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182","volume":"12","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bassett, D. S. & Bullmore, E. Small-world brain networks. Neuroscientist 12, 512\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858406293182 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"72199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","volume":"3","author":"S Achard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Achard, S. & Bullmore, E. T. Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks. PLoS Comput. Biol. 3, 174\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"72199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","volume":"10","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bullmore, E. & Sporns, O. Complex brain networks: Graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2575 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"72199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","volume":"52","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rubinov, M. & Sporns, O. Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations. Neuroimage 52, 1059\u20131069 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00152-3","volume":"46","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Andreasen, N. C. et al. Defining the phenotype of schizophrenia: Cognitive dysmetria and its neural mechanisms. Biol. Psychiatry 46, 908\u2013920 (1999).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx014","volume":"43","author":"M Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, M. et al. Convergence and divergence of brain network dysfunction in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 43, 1315\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbx014 (2017).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"72199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.035","volume":"47","author":"L Deuker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deuker, L. et al. Reproducibility of graph metrics of human brain functional networks. Neuroimage 47, 1460\u20131468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.035 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071800","volume":"8","author":"MA Klados","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klados, M. A. et al. A graph theoretical approach to study the organization of the cortical networks during different mathematical tasks. PLoS One 8, e71800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0071800 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"72199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072425","volume":"8","author":"H Niu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niu, H. et al. Test-retest reliability of graph metrics in functional brain networks: A resting-state FNIRS study. PLoS One 8, e72425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0072425 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"72199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.12.126003","volume":"22","author":"A Akin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akin, A. Partial correlation-based functional connectivity analysis for functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. J. Biomed. Opt. 22, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.22.12.126003 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"72199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.031","volume":"49","author":"S Palva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Palva, S., Monto, S. & Palva, J. M. Graph properties of synchronized cortical networks during visual working memory maintenance. Neuroimage 49, 3257\u20133268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.031 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1056","volume":"4","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adolphs, R. Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4, 165\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1056 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"72199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00142-2","volume":"41","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adolphs, R. Investigating the cognitive neuroscience of social behavior. Neuropsychologia 41, 119\u2013126 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"72199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514","volume":"60","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adolphs, R. The social brain: Neural basis of social knowledge. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 60, 693\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163514 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"72199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105144","volume":"148","author":"Z Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, Z. et al. The whole-brain connectome landscape in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of graph theoretical characteristics. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 148, 105144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105144 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"72199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.01.007","volume":"6","author":"AL Thorsen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thorsen, A. L. et al. Effects of Bergen 4-day treatment on resting-state graph features in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging 6, 973\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.01.007 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"72199_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25794","volume":"43","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Characterizing multiscale modular structures in medication-free obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with no comorbidity. Hum. Brain Mapp. 43, 2391\u20132399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.25794 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"72199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.041","volume":"150","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Application of graph theory across multiple frequency bands in drug-na\u00efve obsessive-compulsive disorder with no comorbidity. J. Psychiatr. Res. 150, 272\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.041 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"72199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.021","volume":"75","author":"A Anticevic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anticevic, A. et al. Global resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis identifies frontal cortex, striatal, and cerebellar dysconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 75, 595\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.021 (2014).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44468","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44468","volume":"7","author":"\u00d3F Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, \u00d3. F. et al. Patterns of default mode network deactivation in obsessive compulsive disorder. Sci. Rep. 7, 44468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep44468 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"72199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102460","volume":"28","author":"A Lillevik Thorsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lillevik Thorsen, A. et al. Stable inhibition-related inferior frontal hypoactivation and fronto-limbic hyperconnectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder after concentrated exposure therapy. Neuroimage Clin. 28, 102460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102460 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"72199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.067","volume":"85","author":"A-C Ehlis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ehlis, A.-C., Schneider, S., Dresler, T. & Fallgatter, A. J. Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry. Neuroimage 85, 478\u2013488 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.10.003","volume":"117","author":"M Azechi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azechi, M. et al. Discriminant analysis in schizophrenia and healthy subjects using prefrontal activation during frontal lobe tasks: A near-infrared spectroscopy. Schizophr. Res. 117, 52\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2009.10.003 (2010).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"72199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0559-5","volume":"17","author":"H Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song, H. et al. Automatic schizophrenic discrimination on FNIRS by using complex brain network analysis and SVM. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 17, 166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0559-5 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"72199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hazari, N., Narayanaswamy, J. C. & Venkatasubramanian, G. Neuroimaging findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative review to elucidate neurobiological underpinnings. Indian J. Psychiatry 61, S9\u2013S29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_525_18 (2019).","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_525_18"},{"key":"72199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00568","volume":"11","author":"I Fajnerova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fajnerova, I. et al. Functional connectivity changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder correspond to interference control and obsessions severity. Front. Neurol. 11, 568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00568 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"72199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-006-0116-3","volume":"44","author":"CB Akgul","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akgul, C. B., Akin, A. & Sankur, B. Extraction of cognitive activity-related waveforms from functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 44, 945\u2013958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-006-0116-3 (2006).","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"72199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.02.016","volume":"400","author":"Ata Akin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akin, Ata et al. Cerebrovascular dynamics in patients with migraine: Near-infrared spectroscopy study. Neurosci. Lett. 400, 86\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.02.016 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"72199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.923918","volume":"55","author":"K Cift\u00e7i","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cift\u00e7i, K., Sankur, B., Kahya, Y. P. & Akin, A. Multilevel statistical inference from functional near-infrared spectroscopy data during Stroop interference. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55, 2212\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2008.923918 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"72199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2016.01.139","volume":"127","author":"M Dadgostar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dadgostar, M., Setarehdan, S. K., Shahzadi, S. & Akin, A. Functional connectivity of the PFC via partial correlation. Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127, 4748\u20134754 (2016).","journal-title":"Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"key":"72199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86012","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.8.086012","volume":"20","author":"MU Dalmis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalmis, M. U. & Akin, A. Similarity analysis of functional connectivity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Biomed. Opt. 20, 86012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.20.8.086012 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"72199_CR32","first-page":"62","volume":"6","author":"Z Einalou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Einalou, Z., Maghooli, K., Setarehdan, S. K. & Akin, A. Functional near infrared spectroscopy for functional connectivity during Stroop test via mutual information. Adv. Biores. 6, 62\u201367 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Biores."},{"key":"72199_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.12.090","volume":"127","author":"Z Einalou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Einalou, Z., Maghooli, K., Setarehdan, S. K. & Akin, A. Effective channels in classification and functional connectivity pattern of prefrontal cortex by functional near infrared spectroscopy signals. Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127, 3271\u20133275 (2016).","journal-title":"Optik-Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"key":"72199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041407","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.041407","volume":"4","author":"Z Einalou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Einalou, Z., Maghooli, K., Setarehdan, S. K. & Akin, A. Graph theoretical approach to functional connectivity in prefrontal cortex via FNIRS. Neurophotonics 4, 041407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.4.4.041407 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"72199_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koray Ciftci, Bulent Sankur, Yasemin P Kahya & Ata Akin. Multilevel statistical inference from functional near-infrared spectroscopy data during stroop interference. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 55, 2212\u20132220, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2008.923918 (2008).","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.923918"},{"key":"72199_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2020792","volume":"57","author":"M Sergul Aydore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sergul Aydore, M., Mihcak, K., Ciftci, K. & Akin, A. On temporal connectivity of PFC via Gauss\u2013Markov modeling of FNIRS signals. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57, 761\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2009.2020792 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"72199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145407","volume":"22","author":"SB Erdo\u011fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erdo\u011fan, S. B. & Y\u00fckselen, G. Four-class classification of neuropsychiatric disorders by use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy derived biomarkers. Sensors 22, 5407 (2022).","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"72199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0665","volume":"13","author":"S Zysset","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zysset, S., M\u00fcller, K., Lohmann, G. & von Cramon, D. Y. Color-word matching Stroop task: Separating interference and response conflict. Neuroimage 13, 29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.2000.0665 (2001).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR39","unstructured":"Townsend, J.\u00a0T. & Ashby, F.\u00a0G. Stochastic Modeling of Elementary Psychological Processes (CUP Archive, 1983)."},{"key":"72199_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193587","volume":"34","author":"DJ Woltz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woltz, D. J. & Was, C. A. Availability of related long-term memory during and after attention focus in working memory. Mem. Cognit. 34, 668\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193587 (2006).","journal-title":"Mem. Cognit."},{"key":"72199_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2020792","volume":"57","author":"S Ayd\u00f6re","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ayd\u00f6re, S., Mih\u00e7ak, M. K., \u00c7ift\u00e7i, K. & Ak\u0131n, A. On temporal connectivity of PFC via Gauss\u2013Markov modeling of fNIRS signals. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 57, 761\u2013768 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"72199_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.024","volume":"87","author":"SB Erdogan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erdogan, S. B., Y\u00fccel, M. A. & Ak\u0131n, A. Analysis of task-evoked systemic interference in fNIRS measurements: Insights from fMRI. Neuroimage 87, 490\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.024 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.13189\/ujbe.2014.020102","volume":"2","author":"Z Einalou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Einalou, Z., Maghooli, K., Setarehdan, S. K. & Akin, A. Functional near infrared spectroscopy to investigation of functional connectivity in schizophrenia using partial correlation. Univ. J. Biomed. Eng. 2, 5\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"Univ. J. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"72199_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.8.3.035008","author":"A Akin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akin, A. FNIRS-derived neurocognitive ratio as a biomarker for neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurophotonics[SPACE]https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.NPh.8.3.035008 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"72199_CR45","unstructured":"Piccardi, M. Background subtraction techniques: A review. In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37583). Vol.\u00a04. 3099\u20133104 (IEEE, 2004)."},{"key":"72199_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868684","volume":"22","author":"NM Oliver","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oliver, N. M., Rosario, B. & Pentland, A. P. A Bayesian computer vision system for modeling human interactions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22, 831\u2013843 (2000).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"72199_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgammal, A., Harwood, D. & Davis, L. Non-parametric model for background subtraction. In European Conference on Computer Vision. 751\u2013767 (Springer, 2000).","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45053-X_48"},{"key":"72199_CR48","unstructured":"Horprasert, T., Harwood, D. & Davis, L.\u00a0S. A statistical approach for real-time robust background subtraction and shadow detection. In IEEE ICCV. Vol.\u00a099. 1\u201319 (Citeseer, 1999)."},{"key":"72199_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676","volume":"98","author":"ME Raichle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raichle, M. E. et al. A default mode of brain function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 676\u2013682 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"72199_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.041","volume":"37","author":"ME Ralchle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ralchle, M. E. & Snyder, A. Z. A default mode of brain function: A brief history of an evolving idea. Neuroimage 37, 1083\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.041 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102","volume":"102","author":"MD Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox, M. D. et al. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 9673\u20139678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0504136102 (2005).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"72199_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00015","volume":"8","author":"MA Hofman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hofman, M. A. Evolution of the human brain: When bigger is better. Front. Neuroanat. 8, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2014.00015 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"72199_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53860-4.00018-0","volume":"195","author":"MA Hofman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hofman, M. A. Design principles of the human brain: An evolutionary perspective. Prog. Brain Res. 195, 373\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-53860-4.00018-0 (2012).","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"72199_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","volume":"106","author":"BTT Yeo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yeo, B. T. T. et al. The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J. Neurophysiol. 106, 1125\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00338.2011 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"72199_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIM.2015.070024","volume":"1","author":"D Nandi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nandi, D. et al. Principal component analysis in medical image processing: A study. Int. J. Image Min. 1, 65\u201386 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Min."},{"key":"72199_CR56","first-page":"115","volume":"62","author":"C Rodarmel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rodarmel, C. & Shan, J. Principal component analysis for hyperspectral image classification. Surv. Land Inf. Sci. 62, 115\u2013122 (2002).","journal-title":"Surv. Land Inf. Sci."},{"key":"72199_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4650290","volume":"4812\u20135","author":"Y Xia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xia, Y., Wen, L., Eberl, S., Fulham, M. & Feng, D. Genetic algorithm-based PCA eigenvector selection and weighting for automated identification of dementia using FDG-pet imaging. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 4812\u20135, 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4650290 (2008).","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"72199_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, M., Yuan, Z. & Niu, H. Reliability evaluation on weighted graph metrics of FNIRS brain networks. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 9, 832\u2013841 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims.2019.05.08 (2019).","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.05.08"},{"key":"72199_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.011","volume":"118","author":"M Drakesmith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drakesmith, M. et al. Overcoming the effects of false positives and threshold bias in graph theoretical analyses of neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 118, 313\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.05.011 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00147","volume":"4","author":"AF Alexander-Bloch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alexander-Bloch, A. F. et al. Disrupted modularity and local connectivity of brain functional networks in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 4, 147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00147 (2010).","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"72199_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833aa567","volume":"23","author":"Y He","year":"2010","unstructured":"He, Y. & Evans, A. Graph theoretical modeling of brain connectivity. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 23, 341\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833aa567 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"72199_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.030","volume":"499","author":"F Skidmore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Skidmore, F. et al. Connectivity brain networks based on wavelet correlation analysis in Parkinson fMRI data. Neurosci. Lett. 499, 47\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.030 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"72199_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416667720","volume":"23","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bassett, D. S. & Bullmore, E. T. Small-world brain networks revisited. Neuroscientist 23, 499\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858416667720 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"72199_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903641106","volume":"106","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bassett, D. S. et al. Cognitive fitness of cost-efficient brain functional networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 11747\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0903641106 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"72199_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.13.3.447","volume":"13","author":"HJ Hartston","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hartston, H. J. & Swerdlow, N. R. Visuospatial priming and Stroop performance in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Neuropsychology 13, 447\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.13.3.447 (1999).","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"72199_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb03059.x","volume":"82","author":"J Martinot","year":"1990","unstructured":"Martinot, J. et al. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: A clinical, neuropsychological and positron emission tomography study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 82, 233\u2013242 (1990).","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"72199_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.5.1.104","volume":"5","author":"E Hollander","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hollander, E. et al. A pilot study of the neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Parkinson\u2019s disease: Basal ganglia disorders. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 5, 104\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/jnp.5.1.104 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"72199_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(97)00355-7","volume":"43","author":"K Schmidtke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schmidtke, K., Schorb, A., Winkelmann, G. & Hohagen, F. Cognitive frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 43, 666\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(97)00355-7 (1998).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(99)00147-x","volume":"46","author":"JA Lieberman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lieberman, J. A. Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective. Biol. Psychiatry 46, 729\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(99)00147-x (1999).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-006-9162-3","volume":"31","author":"I P\u00e9rez-Neri","year":"2006","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Neri, I., Ram\u00edrez-Berm\u00fadez, J., Montes, S. & R\u00edos, C. Possible mechanisms of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia. Neurochem. Res. 31, 1279\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-006-9162-3 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"72199_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10616","volume":"54","author":"JL Cummings","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cummings, J. L. Toward a molecular neuropsychiatry of neurodegenerative diseases. Ann. Neurol. 54, 147\u2013154 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"72199_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00113-6","volume":"28","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graybiel, A. M. & Rauch, S. L. Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron 28, 343\u2013347 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"72199_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.03.007","volume":"53","author":"R T\u00fckel","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00fckel, R. et al. Neuropsychological function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehens. Psychiatry 53, 167\u2013175 (2012).","journal-title":"Comprehens. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2003.08.013","volume":"69","author":"KA Whitney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whitney, K. A., Fastenau, P. S., Evans, J. D. & Lysaker, P. H. Comparative neuropsychological function in obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia with and without obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Schizophrenia Res. 69, 75\u201383 (2004).","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Res."},{"key":"72199_CR75","first-page":"477","volume":"17","author":"S Moritz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moritz, S. et al. Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 17, 477\u2013483 (2002).","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"72199_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.08.010","volume":"23","author":"RC Chan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chan, R. C., Shum, D., Toulopoulou, T. & Chen, E. Y. Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 23, 201\u2013216 (2008).","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"72199_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2008.06.048","volume":"387","author":"C-H Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park, C.-H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, Y.-H. & Kim, K. Comparison of the small-world topology between anatomical and functional connectivity in the human brain. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 387, 5958\u20135962 (2008).","journal-title":"Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"72199_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv174","volume":"42","author":"J Kambeitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kambeitz, J. et al. Aberrant functional whole-brain network architecture in patients with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 42(Suppl 1), S13-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbv174 (2016).","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"72199_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00007","volume":"5","author":"Q Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu, Q. et al. Altered small-world brain networks in temporal lobe in patients with schizophrenia performing an auditory oddball task. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 5, 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2011.00007 (2011).","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"72199_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby077","volume":"45","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Collinson, S. L., Suckling, J. & Sim, K. Dynamic reorganization of functional connectivity reveals abnormal temporal efficiency in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 45, 659\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sby077 (2019).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"72199_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102232","volume":"26","author":"A Aleksandrowicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aleksandrowicz, A. et al. Frontal brain activity in individuals at risk for schizophrenic psychosis and bipolar disorder during the emotional Stroop task\u2014An FNIRS study. Neuroimage Clin. 26, 102232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102232 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"72199_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.09.003","volume":"69","author":"A-C Ehlis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehlis, A.-C., Herrmann, M. J., Wagener, A. & Fallgatter, A. J. Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy detects specific inferior-frontal activation during incongruent Stroop trials. Biol. Psychol. 69, 315\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.09.003 (2005).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"72199_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/s0920-9964(99)00178-4","volume":"43","author":"EA Hazlett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hazlett, E. A. et al. Hypofrontality in unmedicated schizophrenia patients studied with pet during performance of a serial verbal learning task. Schizophr. Res. 43, 33\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0920-9964(99)00178-4 (2000).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"72199_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.9.1240","volume":"148","author":"SR Machlin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Machlin, S. R. et al. Elevated medial-frontal cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients: A spect study. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 1240\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.148.9.1240 (1991).","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"72199_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/s0193-953x(05)70181-7","volume":"23","author":"S Saxena","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saxena, S. & Rauch, S. L. Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 23, 563\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0193-953x(05)70181-7 (2000).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"72199_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00557","volume":"8","author":"F Scarpina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scarpina, F. & Tagini, S. The Stroop color and word test. Front. Psychol. 8, 557 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"72199_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.001","volume":"23","author":"ML Schroeter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Wahl, M. & von Cramon, D. Y. Prefrontal activation due to Stroop interference increases during development-an event-related fNIRS study. Neuroimage 23, 1317\u20131325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.001 (2004).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"72199_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.061","volume":"50","author":"RL Silton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silton, R. L. et al. The time course of activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex during top-down attentional control. NeuroImage 50, 1292\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.061 (2010).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"72199_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57012","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.5.057012","volume":"19","author":"L Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Sun, J., Sun, B., Luo, Q. & Gong, H. Studying hemispheric lateralization during a stroop task through near-infrared spectroscopy-based connectivity. J. Biomed. Opt. 19, 57012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.19.5.057012 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"72199_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2798928","volume":"106","author":"W Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, W. et al. A graph signal processing perspective on functional brain imaging. Proc. IEEE 106, 868\u2013885 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"72199_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9noret, M., Farrugia, N., Pasdeloup, B. & Gripon, V. Evaluating graph signal processing for neuroimaging through classification and dimensionality reduction. In 2017 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). 618\u2013622 (IEEE, 2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2017.8309033"},{"key":"72199_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2018.2820126","volume":"106","author":"A Ortega","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ortega, A., Frossard, P., Kova\u010devi\u0107, J., Moura, J. M. & Vandergheynst, P. Graph signal processing: Overview, challenges, and applications. Proc. IEEE 106, 808\u2013828 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72199-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72199-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72199-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T21:18:50Z","timestamp":1729372730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72199-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-72199-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4180375\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24314"}}