{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:13:26Z","timestamp":1789784006193,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72443-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T02:01:48Z","timestamp":1726365708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The muscular-deep fascial system: new findings on the anatomy of the structure attached to the superior orbital margin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shilu","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhuier","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenmin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"72443_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008966","volume":"149","author":"S Cotofana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cotofana, S. et al. The anatomy behind eyebrow positioning: A clinical guide based on current anatomic concepts. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 149, 869\u2013879 (2022).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648224","volume":"34","author":"V Packiriswamy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Packiriswamy, V., Kumar, P. & Bashour, M. Anthropometric and anthroposcopic analysis of periorbital features in Malaysian population: An inter-racial study. Facial Plast. Surg. 34, 400\u2013406 (2018).","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"72443_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000740","volume":"42","author":"N Langelier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langelier, N., Beleznay, K. & Woodward, J. Rejuvenation of the upper face and periocular region: Combining neuromodulator, facial filler, laser, light, and energy-based therapies for optimal results. Dermatol. Surg. 42(Suppl 2), S77\u2013S82 (2016).","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009708","volume":"5","author":"R Caldara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caldara, R., Zhou, X. & Miellet, S. Putting culture under the \u201cspotlight\u201d reveals universal information use for face recognition. PLoS ONE. 5, e9708 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"72443_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00097-9","volume":"41","author":"F Gosselin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gosselin, F. & Schyns, P. G. Bubbles: A technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vis. Res. 41, 2261\u20132271 (2001).","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"72443_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009458","volume":"150","author":"T Boonipat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boonipat, T. et al. Impact of surgical rejuvenation on visual processing and character attribution of periorbital aging. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 150, 539\u2013548 (2022).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000279348.09156.c3","volume":"120","author":"V Lambros","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lambros, V. Observations on periorbital and midface aging. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 120, 1367\u20131376 (2007).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01630-4","volume":"44","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. A Randomized, controlled study comparing subbrow blepharoplasty and subbrow blepharoplasty combined with periorbital muscle manipulation for periorbital aging rejuvenation in Asians. Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 44, 788\u2013796 (2020).","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000831","volume":"135","author":"MAC Kane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kane, M. A. C. Nonsurgical periorbital and brow rejuvenation. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 135, 63\u201371 (2015).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02740-3","volume":"46","author":"L Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, L. et al. Aesthetic analysis of alteration of eyebrow and forehead position after endoscopic eyebrow lift. Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 46, 2258\u20132265 (2022).","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR11","first-page":"414e","volume":"152","author":"PJ Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, P. J. et al. Objective comparison of eyebrow position after internal and external browpexy. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 152, 414e\u2013423e (2023).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006144","volume":"144","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, J., Su, Y., Zhang, J., Guo, P. & Song, B. Subbrow blepharoplasty combined with periorbital muscle manipulation for periorbital rejuvenation in Asian women. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 144, 760e\u2013769e (2019).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001830","volume":"136","author":"JM Sykes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sykes, J. M. et al. Upper face: Clinical anatomy and regional approaches with injectable fillers. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 136, 204S-218S (2015).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"72443_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2022.03.001","volume":"49","author":"JE Zins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zins, J. E., Grow, J. & Cakmakoglu, C. Brow anatomy and aesthetics of the upper face. Clin. Plast. Surg. 49(3), 339\u2013348 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040268","volume":"14","author":"KH Yi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yi, K. H., Lee, J. H., Hu, H. W. & Kim, H. J. Anatomical proposal for botulinum neurotoxin injection for glabellar frown lines. Toxins 14, 268 (2022).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"72443_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712473","volume":"36","author":"JC Neves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neves, J. C., Arancibia-Tagle, D., Medel-Jim\u00e9nez, R. & V\u00e1squez, L. M. Periorbital surgical anatomy. Facial Plast. Surg. 36, 317\u2013328 (2020).","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299941.62645.4e","volume":"121","author":"A Ghavami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghavami, A. et al. The orbicularis retaining ligament of the medial orbit: Closing the circle. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 121, 994\u20131001 (2008).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"72443_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01530-2","volume":"44","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X. & Wang, H. Anatomical study and clinical observation of retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF). Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 44(1), 89\u201392 (2020).","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"72443_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4946.17.04382-1","volume":"71","author":"D Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Guo, B. & Cai, W. Effect of frontal muscle aponeurosis flap suspension surgery for severe congenital ptosis in children. Minerva Pediatr. 71(4), 358\u2013361 (2019).","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"72443_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003174","volume":"139","author":"S Cotofana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cotofana, S. et al. An update on the anatomy of the forehead compartments. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 139(4), 864e\u2013872e (2017).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31826d9f37","volume":"130","author":"N Iblher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iblher, N., Manegold, S., Porzelius, C. & Stark, G. B. Morphometric long-term evaluation and comparison of brow position and shape after endoscopic forehead lift and transpalpebral browpexy. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 130, 830e\u2013840e (2012).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005680","volume":"30","author":"AY Nemet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nemet, A. Y. Brow ptosis: Is transblepharoplasty internal browpexy suitable for everyone?. J. Craniofac. Surg. 30, 2425\u20132428 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"72443_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000037","volume":"71","author":"YH Fang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fang, Y. H., Liao, W. C. & Ma, H. Infraeyebrow blepharoplasty incorporated browpexy in an Asian population. Ann. Plast. Surg. 71(Suppl 1), S20\u2013S24 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0632-y","volume":"40","author":"M Shu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shu, M. et al. A novel supra-brow combined with infra-brow lift approach for Asian women. Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 40, 343\u2013348 (2016).","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.04.010","volume":"72","author":"YS Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. S. et al. Local retro-orbicularis oculus fat (ROOF) resection in upper blepharoplasty: A retrospective evaluation study of 65 bilateral upper blepharoplasties. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 72, 1373\u20131378 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-019-01530-2","volume":"44","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X. & Wang, H. Anatomical study and clinical observation of retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF). Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 44, 89\u201392 (2020).","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"72443_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006238","volume":"144","author":"RJ Rohrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rohrich, R. J. & Cho, M. J. Endoscopic temporal brow lift: Surgical indications, technique, and 10-year outcome analysis. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 144(6), 1305\u20131310 (2019).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604000-00022","volume":"97","author":"P McKinney","year":"1996","unstructured":"McKinney, P., Celetti, S. & Sweis, I. An accurate technique for fixation in endoscopic brow lift. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 97, 824\u2013827 (1996).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"72443_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3401802","volume":"36","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, G., Tao, L. & Xie, H. A novel endoscopic forehead lift technique for patients with upper facial wrinkles: Morphometric evaluation and patient-reported outcome using FACE-Q scales. Facial Plast. Surg. 36, 226\u2013234 (2020).","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72443-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72443-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72443-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T08:19:36Z","timestamp":1726647576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72443-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-72443-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4345819\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21530"}}