{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:46:39Z","timestamp":1788918399670,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72762-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T11:03:29Z","timestamp":1726225409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive and noninvasive infection in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bekele","family":"Sharew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feleke","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizachew","family":"Yismaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adane","family":"Mihret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tekle Airgecho","family":"Lobie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wondwossen","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surafal","family":"Fentaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didrik","family":"Vestrheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belay","family":"Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"72762_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology & Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. and. Washington D.C: Public Health Foundation; (2015). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/pubs\/pinkbook\/front-matter.html"},{"key":"72762_CR2","first-page":"266","volume-title":"Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. European Respiratory Monographs","author":"MW Pletz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pletz, M. W. & Welte, T. Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. European Respiratory Monographs Vol. 63, 266\u2013285 (European Respiratory Society, 2014)."},{"key":"72762_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00334.x","volume":"40","author":"DN Andresen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andresen, D. N. & Collignon, P. J. Invasive pneumococcal disease in the Australian Capital Territory and Queanbeyan region: do high infant rates reflect more disease or better detection? J. Paediatr. Child. Health. 40, 184\u2013188 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child. Health"},{"key":"72762_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1871","volume":"6","author":"A Kadioglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kadioglu, A., Weiser, J. N., Paton, J. C. & Andrew, P. W. The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol.6, 288\u2013301 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"72762_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.8.2097-2100.1993","volume":"31","author":"UB Sorensen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sorensen, U. B. Typing of pneumococci by using 12 pooled antisera. J. Clin. Microbiol.31, 2097\u20132100 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"72762_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00937","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00937-20","volume":"11","author":"F Ganaie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ganaie, F. et al. A new pneumococcal capsule type, 10D, is the 100th serotype and has a large cps fragment from an oral streptococcus. mBio. 11 (3), e00937\u2013e1020 (2020).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"8","key":"72762_CR7","first-page":"85","volume":"94","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper \u2013February 2019. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.94(8), 85\u2013104 (2019) (hdl:10665\/310970.).","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"72762_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Summary of WHO Position Paper on Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Infants and Children Under 5 Years of Age, February 2019 (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). 21 April 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2022 (2019)."},{"issue":"29","key":"72762_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.04.066","volume":"32","author":"A Navarro Torn\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Navarro Torn\u00e9, A. et al. ECDC country experts for pneumococcal disease. European enhanced surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in 2010: data from 26 European countries in the post heptavalent conjugate vaccine era. Vaccine. 32 (29), 3644\u20133650 (2014).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"72762_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131485","volume":"20","author":"N Chiba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiba, N. et al. Changes in capsule and drug resistance of pneumococci after introduction of PCV7, Japan, 2010\u20132013. Emerg. Infect. Dis.20 (7), 1132\u20131139 (2014).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"72762_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1086\/648593","volume":"201","author":"T Pilishvili","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pilishvili, T. et al. Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.201 (1), 32\u201341 (2010). & Active Bacterial Core Surveillance\/Emerging Infections Program Network","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70044-7","volume":"15","author":"PA Waight","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waight, P. A. et al. Effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales 4 years after its introduction: An observational cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis.15, 629 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"17","key":"72762_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.03.012","volume":"33","author":"RA Gladstone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gladstone, R. A. et al. Five winters of pneumococcal serotype replacement in UK carriage following PCV introduction. Vaccine. 33 (17), 2015\u20132021 (2015).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"72762_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62225-8","volume":"378","author":"DM Weinberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weinberger, D. M., Malley, R. & Lipsitch, M. Serotype replacement in disease following pneumococcal vaccination: A discussion of the evidence. Lancet378, 1962\u20131973 (2011).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"72762_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.056","volume":"34","author":"H-C Slotved","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slotved, H-C., Dalby, T. & Hoffmann, S. The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by ten nonvaccine serotypes in Denmark. Vaccine. 34 (6), 769\u2013774 (2016).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"72762_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.10.009","volume":"51","author":"RM Mera","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mera, R. M., Miller, L. A., Daniels, J. J., Weil, J. G. & White, A. R. Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States over a 10-year period: Alexander project. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.51, 195\u2013200 (2005).","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05658-11","volume":"56","author":"SH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, S. H. et al. ANSORP Study Group. Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: An Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.56, 1418\u20131426 (2012).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"72762_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03182.x","volume":"16","author":"J Linares","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linares, J., Ardanuy, C., Pallares, R. & Fenoll, A. Changes in antimicrobial resistance, serotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 30-year period. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.16, 402\u2013410 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"72762_CR19","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Drug resistance. (2017). www.cdc.gov\/pneumococcal\/drug-resistance.html. Accessed December 16, 2020."},{"key":"72762_CR20","volume-title":"Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ethiopia: A Training Manual for Health Workers","author":"Ministry of Health Federal Republic of Ethiopia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Federal Republic of Ethiopia In Introducing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ethiopia: A Training Manual for Health Workers (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011)."},{"issue":"9","key":"72762_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e068498","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068498","volume":"13","author":"A Yigezu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yigezu, A. et al. Burden of lower respiratory infections and associated risk factors across regions in Ethiopia: A subnational analysis of the Global Burden of diseases 2019 study. BMJ Open.13(9), e068498 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"72762_CR22","unstructured":"FMOH, Expanded program on immunization.\u00a0 1\u20134. (2022)."},{"key":"72762_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069278","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069278","volume":"13","author":"S Sako","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sako, S., Gilano, G. & Hailegebreal, S. Determinants of childhood vaccination among children aged 12\u201323 months in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open.13, e069278 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"72762_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu143","volume":"5","author":"JD Keenan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keenan, J. D. et al. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal serotypes before and after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc.5, 222\u2013226 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"72762_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2013.03.017","volume":"54","author":"A Assefa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Assefa, A., Gelaw, B., Shiferaw, Y. & Tigabu, Z. Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae among pediatric outpatients at Gondar University Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Pediatr. Neonatol. 54, 315\u2013321 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol"},{"key":"72762_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/children4040027","volume":"4","author":"T Gebre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gebre, T. et al. Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children under five in Southwest Ethiopia. Children. 4, 1\u201311 (2017).","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"72762_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4024-1","volume":"19","author":"WT Sime","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sime, W. T. et al. Serotype and molecular diversity of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children before and after vaccination with the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in Ethiopia. BMC Infect. Dis.19, 409 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00417.x","volume":"4","author":"L Muhe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Muhe, L. & Klugman, K. P. Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in a children\u2019s hospital in Ethiopia: Serotypes and susceptibility patterns. Trop. Med. Int. Health.4, 421\u2013427 (1999).","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"72762_CR29","first-page":"100","volume":"5","author":"B Tegene","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tegene, B., Denekew, K. & Mesele, G. Phenotypic characterization and serotypes identification of CSF isolates in Acute bacterial meningitis. Am. J. Infect. Dis. Microbiol.5 (3), 100\u2013105 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Dis. Microbiol."},{"key":"72762_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13605-8","volume":"7","author":"HC Slotved","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slotved, H. C. et al. Vestrheim DF. External Quality Assurance for Laboratory Identification and capsular typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Sci. Rep.7, 13280 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"72762_CR31","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (MoH). Standard Treatment Guidelines for General Hospitals, 4th edition (2021)."},{"key":"72762_CR32","unstructured":"Wayne, P. A. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplements M100. CLSI; (2020)."},{"key":"72762_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-11-3049","volume":"144","author":"MC Enright","year":"1998","unstructured":"Enright, M. C. & Spratt, B. G. A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: Identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology144, 3049\u20133060 (1998).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"72762_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-152","volume":"10","author":"AP Francisco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Francisco, A. P., Bugalho, M., Ramirez, M. & Carri\u00e7o, J. A. Global optimal eBURST analysis of multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach. BMC Bioinform.10, 152 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"72762_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000186","author":"L Epping","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epping, L. et al. Keane JA. SeroBA: rapid high-throughput serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae from whole-genome sequence data. Microb. Genomicshttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000186 (2018).","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"72762_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W728","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki415","volume":"33","author":"DM Aanensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aanensen, D. M. & Spratt, B. G. The multilocus sequence typing network: mlst.net. Nucleic Acids Res.33, W728\u2013W733 (2005).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"72762_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-6511-15-26","volume":"15","author":"B Abera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abera, B., Kibret, M. & Mulu, W. Knowledge and beliefs on antimicrobial resistance among physicians and nurses in hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol.15, 26 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"72762_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.154440","volume":"7","author":"G Iliyasu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iliyasu, G., Habib, A. G. & Aminu, M. B. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of invasive pneumococcal isolates in North West Nigeria. J. Glob Infect. Dis.7, 70\u201374 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Glob Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"42","key":"72762_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.054","volume":"31","author":"M Hackel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hackel, M. et al. Serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates among global populations. Vaccine. 31 (42), 4881\u20134887 (2013).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"72762_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goh, S. L. et al. & Ju Teh CS. Molecular detection and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Malaysia. Pathogens Global Health; 2047\u20137732. (2020).","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1719325"},{"key":"72762_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00486","volume":"10","author":"TCA Pinto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinto, T. C. A. et al. Evolution of penicillin nonsusceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates recovered from asymptomatic carriage and Invasive Disease over 25 years in Brazil, 1990\u20132014. Front. Microbiol.10, 486 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"72762_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1127","volume":"69","author":"CY Chiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiang, C. Y. et al. Successful control of Streptococcus pneumoniae 19A replacement with a catch-up primary vaccination program in Taiwan. Clin. Infect. Dis.69(9), 1581\u20131587 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000207484.52850.38","volume":"25","author":"BE Gonzalez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gonzalez, B. E., Hulten, K. G., Lamberth, L., Kaplan, S. L. & Mason, E. O. Jr. Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 33: An increasing cause of pneumococcal infections in children in the United States after the introduction of the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Pediatr. Infect. Dis.25, 301\u2013305 (2006).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"72762_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2017.03.011","volume":"21","author":"L Setchanova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Setchanova, L. et al. Serotype changes and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility rates of invasive and noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates after implementation of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Bulgaria. Braz. J. Infcet Dis.21(4), 433\u2013440 (2017).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infcet Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"72762_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140390","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140390","volume":"10","author":"A Raddaoui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raddaoui, A. et al. Serotype distribution Antibiotic Resistance and Clonality of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from immunocompromised patients in Tunisia. PLoS ONE10(10), e0140390 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72762_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1386-8","volume":"31","author":"L Siira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siira, L. et al. Clonality behind the increase of multidrug-resistance among noninvasive pneumococci in Southern Finland. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.31, 867\u2013871 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"72762_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122925","volume":"126","author":"Z Yi-jie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yi-jie, Z. et al. \u00a0Serological and molecular capsular typing, antibiotic susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from invasive and noninvasive infections. Chin. Med. J.126(12), 2296\u20132303 (2013).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"72762_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v37i3.3223","volume":"37","author":"PA Palacios","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palacios, P. A., Duarte, C., Sanabria, O. & Moreno, J. Molecular characterization of nonvaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 11A, 15 B\/C and 23A recovered from invasive isolates in Colombia. Biom\u00e9dica. 37, 390\u2013396 (2017).","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"72762_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-07316-0","volume":"22","author":"N Nzoyikorera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nzoyikorera, N. et al. \u00a0Whole genomic comparative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolate causing invasive and noninvasive infections among children under 5 years in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Genom.22, 39 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"issue":"10","key":"72762_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026742","volume":"7","author":"TM Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams, T. M. et al. Genome analysis of a highly virulent serotype 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae from West Africa. PLoS ONE. 7 (10), e26742 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72762_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35921-3","volume":"8","author":"FC Lessa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lessa, F. C. et al. Streptococcus mitis expressing pneumococcal serotype 1 Capsule. Sci. Rep.8, 17959 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"72762_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00012","volume":"3","author":"ES Donkor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donkor, E. S. Molecular typing of the pneumococcus and its application in epidemiology in sub-saharan Africa. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.3, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00012 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"72762_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81539","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081539","volume":"8","author":"AB Brueggemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brueggemann, A. B. et al. Population genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Kilifi, Kenya, prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. PLoS ONE8(11), e81539 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72762_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.12.114","volume":"29","author":"J Picazo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Picazo, J. et al. Clonal and clinical profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A causing pediatrics invasive infections: A 2-year (2007\u20132009) laboratory-based surveillance in Madrid. Vaccine29, 1770\u20131776 (2011).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"72762_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr048","volume":"66","author":"J Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin, J., Baek, J. Y., Kim, S. H., Song, J-H. & Ko, K. S. Predominance of ST320 among Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A isolates from 10 Asian countries. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.66, 1001\u20131004 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"72762_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.04.005","volume":"46","author":"M Nures-Lucas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nures-Lucas, M., McGee, L., Hawkins, P. A., Swanston, W. H. & Akpaka, P. E. Serotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Trinidad and Tobago. Intern. J. Infect. Dis.46, 100\u2013106 (2016).","journal-title":"Intern. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-81","volume":"8","author":"M Antonio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antonio, M. et al. Molecular epidemiology of pneumococci obtained from Gambian children aged 2\u201329 months with invasive pneumococcal disease during a trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. BMC Infect. Dis.8, 81 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"72762_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e735","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00158-6","volume":"3","author":"SW Lo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lo, S. W. et al. The global pneumococcal sequencing Consortium. Emergence of a multidrug-resistant and virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae lineage mediates serotype replacement after PCV13: An international whole-genome sequencing study. Lancet Microbe3, e735\u2013e743 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72762-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72762-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72762-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T12:13:36Z","timestamp":1726229616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72762-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-72762-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Gondar (No. O\/V\/P\/RCS\/05\/377\/2017) under the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. Permission was obtained from each hospital laboratory for collecting the isolates. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and a parent or legal guardian of patients under the age of 18 years after explaining the purpose and objective of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"21409"}}