{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:05:45Z","timestamp":1790730345228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72930-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T14:02:36Z","timestamp":1726668156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of occupational depression, anxiety, and stress among Ethiopian healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yitagesu","family":"Habtu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abera","family":"Kumie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhine","family":"Selamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Girma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9650","key":"72930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61690-6","volume":"372","author":"M Marmot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marmot, M., Friel, S., Bell, R., Houweling, T. A. J. & Taylor, S. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Lancet. 372(9650), 1661\u20131669 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"72930_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","volume":"5","author":"C Lund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lund, C. et al. Social determinants of mental disorders and the sustainable development goals: A systematic review of reviews. Lancet Psychiatry. 5(4), 357\u2013369 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"72930_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001271","volume":"60","author":"RZ Goetzel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goetzel, R. Z. et al. Mental Health in the workplace: A call to action proceedings from the mental health in the workplace-public health summit. J. Occup. Environ. Med.60(4), 322\u2013330 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"72930_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2022.102176","volume":"76","author":"M Belloni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belloni, M., Carrino, L. & Meschi, E. The impact of working conditions on mental health: Novel evidence from the UK. Labour Econ.76, 102176 (2022).","journal-title":"Labour Econ."},{"issue":"4","key":"72930_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-104015","volume":"74","author":"SB Harvey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harvey, S. B. et al. Can work make you mentally ill? A systematic meta-review of work-related risk factors for common mental health problems. Occup. Environ. Med.74(4), 301\u2013310 (2017).","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"72930_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nigam, J. A. B. R., Cunningham, T. R., Swanson, N. G. & Chosewood, L. C. Vital Signs: Health Worker\u2013Perceived Working Conditions and Symptoms of Poor Mental Health \u2014 Quality of Worklife Survey, United States, 2018\u20132022 (2023).","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7244e1"},{"issue":"4286","key":"72930_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460","volume":"196","author":"GL Engle","year":"1977","unstructured":"Engle, G. L. The need for a new medical model: A challenge for Biomedicine. Science. 196(4286), 129\u2013136 (1977).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"72930_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_314_19","volume":"41","author":"AD Adarsh Tripathi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adarsh Tripathi, A. D. & Sujita, K. Kar. Biopsychosocial Model in contemporary psychiatry: Current validity and future prospects. Indian J. Psychol. Med.41(6), 582\u2013585 (2019).","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"72930_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002","volume":"121","author":"ID Saragih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saragih, I. D. et al. Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Stud.121, 104002 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"8","key":"72930_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3182972f04","volume":"55","author":"B Muschalla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muschalla, B. & Linden, M. Different workplace-related strains and different workplace-related anxieties in different professions. J. Occup. Environ. Med.55(8), 978\u2013982 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"72930_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0891-3","volume":"49","author":"L Wulsin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wulsin, L., Alterman, T., Timothy Bushnell, P., Li, J. & Shen, R. Prevalence rates for depression by industry: a claims database analysis. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.49(11), 1805\u20131821 (2014).","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01783-y","volume":"95","author":"S Saade","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saade, S., Parent-Lamarche, A., Bazarbachi, Z., Ezzeddine, R. & Ariss, R. Depressive symptoms in helping professions: A systematic review of prevalence rates and work-related risk factors. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 95(1), 67\u2013116 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"72930_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057708","volume":"11","author":"M Ayalew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayalew, M. et al. Prevalence and determinant factors of mental health problems among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic in southern Ethiopia: Multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open.11(12), e057708 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"7","key":"72930_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057197","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057197","volume":"12","author":"D Demilew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demilew, D. et al. Psychological distress and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open.12(7), e057197 (2022).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"72930_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S306240","volume":"17","author":"K Jemal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jemal, K. et al. Self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Healthcare Workers in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis. Treat.17, 1363\u20131373 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis. Treat."},{"key":"72930_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100246","volume":"6","author":"HA Mulatu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mulatu, H. A. et al. The prevalence of common mental disorders among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J. Affect. Disord Rep.6, 100246 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01119-0","volume":"11","author":"JN Laditka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laditka, J. N., Laditka, S. B., Arif, A. A. & Adeyemi, O. J. Psychological distress is more common in some occupations and increases with job tenure: A thirty-seven year panel study in the United States. BMC Psychol.11(1), 95 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"72930_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang-Jen, W. A. N. G. C. K. C. et al. Job, healthy job? Occupational stress and depression among hospital physicians in Taiwan. Inductrial Health49, 173\u2013184 (2011).","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MS1209"},{"issue":"2","key":"72930_CR19","first-page":"100125","volume":"3","author":"B Mengist","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mengist, B. et al. Occupational stress and burnout among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Rehabil Res. Clin. Transl. 3(2), 100125 (2021).","journal-title":"Arch. Rehabil Res. Clin. Transl"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10579-1","volume":"21","author":"B Girma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Girma, B., Nigussie, J., Molla, A. & Mareg, M. Occupational stress and associated factors among health care professionals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public. Health. 21(1), 539 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"72930_CR21","unstructured":"APA. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5\u2122 5th edn xliv, 947\u2013xliv (American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2013)."},{"key":"72930_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schonfeld, I. S. & Bianchi, R. From burnout to Occupational Depression: recent developments in Research on Job-related distress and Occupational Health. Front. Public. Health9. (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.796401"},{"key":"72930_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sowden, J. F., Schonfeld, I. S. & Bianchi, R. Are Australian teachers burned-out or depressed? A confirmatory factor analytic study involving the occupational depression inventory. J. Psychosom. Res.157 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110783"},{"key":"72930_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110249","volume":"138","author":"R Bianchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bianchi, R. & Schonfeld, I. S. The occupational depression Inventory: A new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists. J. Psychosom. Res.138, 110249 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00664-7","volume":"79","author":"B Girma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Girma, B., Nigussie, J., Molla, A. & Mareg, M. Health professional\u2019s job satisfaction and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives Public. Health. 79(1), 141 (2021).","journal-title":"Archives Public. Health"},{"key":"72930_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2017-0056","volume":"12","author":"F Koyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koyama, F., Yoda, T. & Hirao, T. Insomnia and depression: Japanese Hospital workers Questionnaire Survey. Open. Med. (Wars). 12, 391\u2013398 (2017).","journal-title":"Open. Med. (Wars)"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51353-8","volume":"14","author":"K Nagasaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagasaki, K. et al. Association of sleep quality with duty hours, mental health, and medical errors among Japanese postgraduate residents: A cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep.14(1), 1481 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"72930_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.09.013","volume":"111","author":"J Coelho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coelho, J. et al. Sleep timing, workplace well-being and mental health in healthcare workers. Sleep Med.111, 123\u2013132 (2023).","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"72930_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S370642","volume":"15","author":"D Bondagji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bondagji, D., Fakeerh, M., Alwafi, H. & Khan, A. A. The effects of long working hours on mental health among resident physicians in Saudi Arabia. Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag. 15, 1545\u20131557 (2022).","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10675","DOI":"10.2196\/10675","volume":"6","author":"A Bifulco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bifulco, A. et al. Web-based measure of life events using computerized life events and assessment record (CLEAR): Preliminary cross-sectional study of reliability, validity, and association with depression. JMIR Ment Health. 6(1), e10675 (2019).","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"72930_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000608","volume":"42","author":"JGM Rosmalen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosmalen, J. G. M., Bos, E. H. & de Jonge, P. Validation of the Long-Term difficulties Inventory (LDI) and the list of threatening experiences (LTE) as measures of stress in epidemiological population-based cohort studies. Psychol. Med.42(12), 2599\u20132608 (2012).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"72930_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-211309","volume":"73","author":"W Gillian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gillian, W., Afshin, Z., Elizabeth, W., Livia, A. C. & Anne, M. Long work hours, weekend working and depressive symptoms in men and women: findings from a UK population-based study. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health. 73(5), 465 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"72930_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12762","volume":"27","author":"N Saquib","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saquib, N. et al. Association of cumulative job dissatisfaction with depression, anxiety and stress among expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. J. Nurs. Manag. 27(4), 740\u2013748 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag"},{"key":"72930_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109710","volume":"155","author":"N Extremera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Extremera, N., M\u00e9rida-L\u00f3pez, S., Quintana-Orts, C. & Rey, L. On the association between job dissatisfaction and employee\u2019s mental health problems: Does emotional regulation ability buffer the link? Pers. Indiv. Differ.155, 109710 (2020).","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR35","first-page":"31","volume":"5","author":"AG Teker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teker, A. G. & Luleci, N. E. Sleep quality and anxiety level in employees. North. Clin. Istanb. 5(1), 31\u201336 (2018).","journal-title":"North. Clin. Istanb"},{"issue":"11","key":"72930_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3170","volume":"9","author":"C Drake","year":"2013","unstructured":"Drake, C., Roehrs, T., Shambroom, J. & Roth, T. Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 hours before going to bed. J. Clin. Sleep. Med.9(11), 1195\u20131200 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"72930_CR37","first-page":"7934892","volume":"2020","author":"SA Atnafie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atnafie, S. A., Muluneh, N. Y., Getahun, K. A., Woredekal, A. T. & Kahaliw, W. Depression, anxiety, stress, and associated factors among Khat chewers in Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia. Depress. Res. Treat.2020, 7934892 (2020).","journal-title":"Depress. Res. Treat."},{"key":"72930_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olani, A. B., Gerbaba, M., Getnet, M., Soboka, M. & Decorte, T. Is chewing khat associated with mental health disorders? A scoping review of the content and quality of the current evidence base. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 18(1), 39 (2023).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-023-00545-y"},{"key":"72930_CR39","unstructured":"MOH. Essential Health Services Package of Ethiopia (2019)."},{"issue":"6","key":"72930_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2010.07.003","volume":"9","author":"J Christopher Westland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christopher Westland, J. Lower bounds on sample size in structural equation modeling. Electron. Commer. Res. Appl.9(6), 476\u2013487 (2010).","journal-title":"Electron. Commer. Res. Appl."},{"key":"72930_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"104","author":"LDB Francesco Marcatto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Francesco Marcatto, L. D. B. Ornella Luis,Simone Festa, Donatella Ferrante. The perceived occupational stress scale: a brief Tool for Measuring workers\u2019 perceptions of stress at work. Eur. J. Psychol. Assess.104, 1\u201314 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Psychol. Assess."},{"issue":"12","key":"72930_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0261271","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261271","volume":"16","author":"C Hill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hill, C., de Beer, L. T. & Bianchi, R. Validation and measurement invariance of the occupational depression inventory in South Africa. PLoS One. 16(12), e0261271 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"72930_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020596","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1020596","volume":"14","author":"I Schmalbach","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmalbach, I. et al. Psychometric properties of the job anxiety scale. Front. Psychol.14, 1020596 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"72930_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2016-2132","volume":"39","author":"PB Abreu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abreu, P. B. et al. Brazilian cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the list of threatening events Questionnaire (LTE-Q). Braz J. Psychiatry. 39(4), 330\u2013336 (2017).","journal-title":"Braz J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105306058839","volume":"11","author":"SD Barger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barger, S. D. Do psychological characteristics explain socioeconomic stratification of self-rated health? J. Health Psychol.11(1), 21\u201335 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"72930_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.08.027","volume":"82","author":"M Thakral","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thakral, M., Von Korff, M., McCurry, S. M., Morin, C. M. & Vitiello, M. V. ISI-3: evaluation of a brief screening tool for insomnia. Sleep. Med.82, 104\u2013109 (2021).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"72930_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-13","volume":"10","author":"L Gjersing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gjersing, L., Caplehorn, J. R. & Clausen, T. Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: language, setting, time and statistical considerations. BMC Med. Res. Methodol.10, 13 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"24","key":"72930_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F. & Ferraz, M. B. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa. 1976). 25(24), 3186\u20133191 (2000).","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa. 1976)"},{"issue":"10312","key":"72930_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","volume":"398","author":"F Damian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damian, F. et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 398(10312), 1700\u20131712 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21243-x","volume":"8","author":"GY Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim, G. Y. et al. Prevalence of Depression in the community from 30 countries between 1994 and 2014. Sci. Rep.8(1), 2861 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16417-w","volume":"23","author":"M Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark, M., Badinlou, F., Lundgren, T., Schonfeld, I. S. & Bianchi, R. Validation of the occupational depression inventory in Sweden. BMC Public. Health. 23(1), 1505 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"72930_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-00974-4","volume":"20","author":"B Schmalbach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmalbach, B., Kalkbrenner, A., Bassler, M., Hinz, A. & Petrowski, K. Psychometric properties of a short version of the job anxiety scale. BMC Med. Res. Methodol.20(1), 87 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"2","key":"72930_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/2392498","volume":"24","author":"RA Karasek","year":"1979","unstructured":"Karasek, R. A. Job demands, job decision latitude, and Mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm. Sci. Q.24(2), 285\u2013308 (1979).","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"72930_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trockel, M. T. et al. Assessment of adverse childhood experiences, adverse professional experiences, depression, and Burnout in US Physicians. Mayo Clinic Proc. 98(12), 1785\u20131796 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.03.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"72930_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.MS1209","volume":"49","author":"L-J Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, L-J. et al. Active job, Healthy job? Occupational stress and depression among Hospital Physicians in Taiwan. Ind. Health. 49(2), 173\u2013184 (2011).","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"key":"72930_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1954-4","volume":"15","author":"T Theorell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Theorell, T. et al. A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms. BMC Public. Health. 15, 738 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"72930_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S156404","volume":"11","author":"F O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, F., Muurlink, O. & Reid, N. Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning. Risk Manag Healthc. Policy. 11, 263\u2013271 (2018).","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc. Policy"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72930-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72930-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72930-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T14:06:01Z","timestamp":1726668361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-72930-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-72930-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences of Addis Ababa University approved the study with a protocol number: 080\/22\/SPH under the main Ph. D work. The IRB performed all procedures following the Declaration of Helsinki, ICH (International Conferences on Harmonization) Good Clinical Practice, WHO Operating Guidelines for Ethical Review Committee, and the National Guideline for Research Ethics in Ethiopia. Study participants signed an informed consent after reading and receiving adequate information about the purpose, risks, benefits, confidentiality and autonomy of participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"21817"}}