{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:05:33Z","timestamp":1790683533725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R511857\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R511857\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R511857\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R511857\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/R511857\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/R511857\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"United Kingdom Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIPF00006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIPF00006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"United Kingdom Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIPF00006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIPF00006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"United Kingdom Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIPF00006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIPF00006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Audio-visual media possesses a remarkable ability to synchronise audiences\u2019 neural, behavioural, and physiological responses. This synchronisation is considered to reflect some dimension of collective attention or engagement with the stimulus. But what is it about these stimuli that drives such strong engagement? There are several properties of media stimuli which may lead to synchronous audience response: from low-level audio-visual features, to the story itself. Here, we present a study which separates low-level features from narrative by presenting participants with the same content but in separate modalities. In this way, the presentations shared no low-level features, but participants experienced the same narrative. We show that synchrony in participants\u2019 heart rate can be driven by the narrative information alone. We computed both visual and auditory perceptual saliency for the content and found that narrative was approximately 10 times as predictive of heart rate as low-level saliency, but that low-level audio-visual saliency has a small additive effect towards heart rate. Further, heart rate synchrony was related to a separate cohorts\u2019 continuous ratings of immersion, and that synchrony is likely to be higher at moments of increased narrative importance. Our findings demonstrate that high-level narrative dominates in the alignment of physiology across viewers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73066-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T01:02:49Z","timestamp":1730509369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Narrative predicts cardiac synchrony in audiences"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin S.","family":"Dalmaijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain D.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"73066_CR1","unstructured":"Statista Average daily media use in the United States in 3rd quarter of 2022, by medium (in hours.minutes). https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1289938\/daily-media-usage-us\/"},{"key":"73066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.5.701","volume":"79","author":"MC Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green, M. C. & Brock, T. C. The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 79, 701\u2013721 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260903287259","volume":"12","author":"RW Busselle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Busselle, R. W. & Bilandzic, H. Measuring Narrative Engagement. Media Psychol. 12, 321\u2013347 (2009).","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR4","unstructured":"Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Flow The Psychology of Optimal Experience. in (Harper & Row, (1990)."},{"key":"73066_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.17743\/jaes.2020.0039","volume":"68","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agrawal, S., Simon, A., Bech, S., B\u00e6rentsen, K. & Forchhammer, S. Defining immersion: Literature Review and implications for Research on Audiovisual experiences. J. Audio Eng. Soc. 68, 404\u2013417 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc."},{"key":"73066_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1121830","volume":"20","author":"MA Bezdek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bezdek, M. A. & Gerrig, R. J. When Narrative Transportation narrows attention: changes in attentional focus during Suspenseful Film viewing. Media Psychol. 20, 60\u201389 (2017).","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04402-4","volume":"7","author":"SS Cohen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen, S. S., Henin, S. & Parra, L. C. Engaging narratives evoke similar neural activity and lead to similar time perception. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u201310 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"73066_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2518137","volume":"22","author":"C Schatzschneider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schatzschneider, C., Bruder, G. & Steinicke, F. Who turned the clock? Effects of manipulated zeitgebers, cognitive load and immersion on Time Estimation. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22, 1387\u20131395 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"73066_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinde, S. J., Smith, T. J. & Gilchrist, I. D. Does narrative drive dynamic attention to a prolonged stimulus? Cogn. Research: Principles Implications 3, 1\u201312 (2018).","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-018-0140-5"},{"key":"73066_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"U Hasson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hasson, U. et al. Neurocinematics: Neurosci. Film Projections 2, 1\u201326 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurocinematics: Neurosci. Film Projections"},{"key":"73066_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Psychocinematics Exploring Cognition at the Movies (Oxford University Press, 2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199862139.001.0001","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199862139.001.0001"},{"key":"73066_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hinde, S. J., Noland, K. C., Thomas, G. A., Bull, D. R. & Gilchrist, I. D. On the Immersive properties of High Dynamic Range Video. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 3524692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3524692 (2022).","DOI":"10.1145\/3524692"},{"key":"73066_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204166952199314","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669521993140","volume":"12","author":"K Szita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szita, K. & Rooney, B. The effects of Smartphone Spectatorship on attention, Arousal, Engagement, and comprehension. i-Perception. 12, 2041669521993140 (2021).","journal-title":"i-Perception"},{"key":"73066_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troscianko, T., Meese, T. S. & Hinde, S. Perception While Watching Movies: Effects of Physical Screen Size and Scene Type. i-Perception 3, 414\u2013425 (2012).","DOI":"10.1068\/i0475aap"},{"key":"73066_CR15","first-page":"324","volume":"27","author":"H Farmer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farmer, H. et al. Did you see what I saw? Comparing attentional synchrony during 360\u00b0 video viewing in head mounted display and tablets. J. Experimental Psychology: Appl. 27, 324\u2013337 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Experimental Psychology: Appl."},{"key":"73066_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3167\/proj.2012.060102","volume":"6","author":"TJ Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith, T. J. The attentional theory of cinematic continuity. Projections. 6, 1\u201327 (2012).","journal-title":"Projections"},{"key":"73066_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/13.8.16","volume":"13","author":"TJ Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, T. J. & Mital, P. K. Attentional synchrony and the influence of viewing task on gaze behavior in static and dynamic scenes. J. Vis. 13, 16\u201316 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"73066_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-010-9074-z","volume":"3","author":"PK Mital","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mital, P. K., Smith, T. J., Hill, R. L. & Henderson, J. M. Clustering of Gaze during dynamic scene viewing is predicted by motion. Cogn. Comput. 3, 5\u201324 (2011).","journal-title":"Cogn. Comput."},{"key":"73066_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordwell, D., Staiger, J. & Thompson, K. The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960 (Routledge, 1985).","DOI":"10.2307\/1772109"},{"key":"73066_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142474","volume":"10","author":"LC Loschky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loschky, L. C., Larson, A. M., Magliano, J. P. & Smith, T. J. What would Jaws do? The tyranny of Film and the relationship between Gaze and higher-level narrative Film Comprehension. PLOS ONE. 10, e0142474 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"73066_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, J. P., Smith, T. J., Magliano, J. P. & Loschky, L. C. What is the role of the film viewer? The effects of narrative comprehension and viewing task on gaze control in film. Cogn. Research: Principles Implications 2, 1\u201330 (2017).","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-017-0080-5"},{"key":"73066_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson, J. P., Chandran, P., Magliano, J. P., Smith, T. J. & Loschky, L. C. Narrative comprehension Guides Eye Movements in the absence of motion. Cogn. Sci. 46, e13131 (2022).","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.13131"},{"key":"73066_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.06.002","volume":"20","author":"K Oatley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oatley, K. & Fiction Simulation of Social worlds. Trends Cogn. Sci. 20, 618\u2013628 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089506","volume":"303","author":"U Hasson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hasson, U., Nir, Y., Levy, I., Fuhrmann, G. & Malach, R. Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during Natural Vision. Science. 303, 1634\u20131640 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"73066_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.041","volume":"95","author":"C Baldassano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baldassano, C. et al. Discovering event structure in continuous narrative perception and memory. Neuron. 95, 709\u2013721e5 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"73066_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.009","volume":"57","author":"U Hasson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hasson, U., Furman, O., Clark, D., Dudai, Y. & Davachi, L. Enhanced intersubject correlations during movie viewing correlate with successful episodic encoding. Neuron. 57, 452\u2013462 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"73066_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zadbood, A., Nastase, S. A., Chen, J., Norman, K. A. & Hasson, U. Here\u2019s the Twist: How the Brain Updates the Representations of Naturalistic Events as Our Understanding of the Past Changes. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.09.28.462068.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.28.462068"},{"key":"73066_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0251-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"C Baldassano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baldassano, C., Hasson, U. & Norman, K. A. Representation of real-world event Schemas during Narrative Perception. J. Neurosci. 38, 9689\u20139699 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"73066_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.010","volume":"184","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen, M., Vanderwal, T. & Hasson, U. Shared understanding of narratives is correlated with shared neural responses. NeuroImage. 184, 161\u2013170 (2019).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"73066_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008662107","volume":"107","author":"GJ Stephens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephens, G. J., Silbert, L. J. & Hasson, U. Speaker\u2013listener neural coupling underlies successful communication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 107, 14425\u201314430 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"73066_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0000_29","volume":"29","author":"DC Richardson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Richardson, D. C. & Dale, R. Looking to understand: the coupling between speakers\u2019 and listeners\u2019 Eye Movements and its relationship to discourse comprehension. Cogn. Sci. 29, 1045\u20131060 (2005).","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutting, J. E., Brunick, K. L., DeLong, J. E., Iricinschi, C. & Candan, A. Quicker, faster, darker: Changes in Hollywood film over 75 years. i-Perception 2, 569\u2013576 (2011).","DOI":"10.1068\/i0441aap"},{"key":"73066_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1163\/22134913-00002031","volume":"3","author":"JE Cutting","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cutting, J. E. The framing of characters in popular movies. Art Percept. 3, 191\u2013212 (2015).","journal-title":"Art Percept."},{"key":"73066_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2020.1796685","volume":"32","author":"JP Magliano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magliano, J. P., Kurby, C. A., Ackerman, T., Garlitch, S. M. & Stewart, J. M. Lights, camera, action: the role of editing and framing on the processing of filmed events. J. Cogn. Psychol. 32, 506\u2013525 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR35","first-page":"669","volume":"14","author":"SA Nastase","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nastase, S. A., Gazzola, V., Hasson, U. & Keysers, C. Measuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlation. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 14, 669\u2013687 (2019).","journal-title":"Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci."},{"key":"73066_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021905118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021905118","volume":"118","author":"H Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song, H., Finn, E. S. & Rosenberg, M. D. Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 118, e2021905118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"73066_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dmochowski, J. P., Sajda, P., Dias, J. & Parra, L. C. Correlated components of Ongoing EEG Point to emotionally Laden attention \u2013 a possible marker of Engagement? Front. Hum. Neurosci. 6, 1\u20139 (2012).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00112"},{"key":"73066_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109692","volume":"36","author":"P P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez, P. et al. Conscious processing of narrative stimuli synchronizes heart rate between individuals. Cell. Rep. 36, 109692 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"73066_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han, J., Lang, A. & Amon, M. J. Can media synchronize our physiological responses? Skin conductance synchrony as a function of message valence, arousal, and emotional change rate. Communication Monogr. 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03637751.2021.1942105 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2021.1942105"},{"key":"73066_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levordashka, A., Fraser, D. S. & Gilchrist, I. D. Measuring Real-Time Cognitive Engagement in Remote Audiences. Sci. Rep. 13, 10516.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2377850\/v1 (2023).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2377850\/v1"},{"key":"73066_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60832-7","volume":"10","author":"M Ardizzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ardizzi, M., Calbi, M., Tavaglione, S., Umilt\u00e0, M. A. & Gallese, V. Audience spontaneous entrainment during the collective enjoyment of live performances: physiological and behavioral measurements. Sci. Rep. 10, 3813 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"73066_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868316628405","volume":"21","author":"RV Palumbo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palumbo, R. V. et al. Interpersonal autonomic physiology: a systematic review of the literature. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 21, 99\u2013141 (2017).","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"73066_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003033226","volume-title":"Routledge Companion to Audiences and the Performing Arts","author":"LSM Millman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Millman, L. S. M., Richardson, D. C. & Orgs, G. Chapter 19: continuous and collective measures of real-time audience engagement. in Routledge Companion to Audiences and the Performing Arts (Routledge, London, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003033226. (2022)."},{"key":"73066_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-023-00475-0","volume":"8","author":"H Hammond","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hammond, H., Armstrong, M., Thomas, G. A. & Gilchrist, I. D. Audience immersion: validating attentional and physiological measures against self-report. Cogn. Research: Principles Implications. 8, 22 (2023).","journal-title":"Cogn. Research: Principles Implications"},{"key":"73066_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potter, R. F. & Bolls, P. D. Psychophysiological Measurement and Meaning: Cognitive and Emotional Processing of Media (Routledge, 2012).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203181027"},{"key":"73066_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127400001468","volume":"10","author":"VS Anishchenko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anishchenko, V. S., Balanov, A. G., Janson, N. B., Igosheva, N. B. & Bordyugov, G. V. Entrainment between heart rate and weak noninvasive forcing. Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos. 10, 2339\u20132348 (2000).","journal-title":"Int. J. Bifurcat. Chaos"},{"key":"73066_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.806174","volume":"119","author":"L Bernardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bernardi, L. et al. Dynamic interactions between Musical, Cardiovascular, and cerebral rhythms in humans. Circulation. 119, 3171\u20133180 (2009).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"73066_CR48","unstructured":"BBC Subtitle Guidelines. https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/forproducts\/guides\/subtitles\/subtitles\/"},{"key":"73066_CR49","unstructured":"Tanton, N. E., Ware, T. & Armstrong, M. Audio Description: What It Is and How It Works. (2002). http:\/\/downloads.bbc.co.uk\/rd\/pubs\/whp\/whp-pdf-files\/WHP051.pdf"},{"key":"73066_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1109\/34.730558","volume":"20","author":"L Itti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Itti, L., Koch, C. & Niebur, E. A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20, 1254\u20131259 (1998).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"73066_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rigby, J. M., Brumby, D. P., Gould, S. J. J. & Cox, A. L. Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Immersion in Video Media: The Film IEQ. in TVX \u201919 Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video 35\u201346 (ACM, Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom, 2019). doi: (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3317697.3323361","DOI":"10.1145\/3317697.3323361"},{"key":"73066_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68253-2","volume":"10","author":"DC Richardson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Richardson, D. C. et al. Engagement in video and audio narratives: contrasting self-report and physiological measures. Sci. Rep. 10, 11298 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"73066_CR53","unstructured":"Carter, F. D. et al. FROM STORY TO HEARTBEATS: PHYSIOLOGICAL SYNCHRONY IN THEATRE AUDIENCES. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (In press)."},{"key":"73066_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00004","volume":"8","author":"RA Zwaan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zwaan, R. A. Situation models: the Mental Leap Into imagined worlds. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 8, 15\u201318 (1999).","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacks, J. M., Speer, N. K. & Reynolds Segmentation in reading and film comprehension. J. Experimental Psychology: General  138, 307\u2013327 (2009).","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015305"},{"key":"73066_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/gpr0000106","volume":"22","author":"AM Jacobs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacobs, A. M. & Willems, R. M. The fictive brain: neurocognitive correlates of Engagement in Literature. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 22, 147\u2013160 (2018).","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00073.x","volume":"3","author":"RA Mar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mar, R. A. & Oatley, K. The function of fiction is the abstraction and Simulation of Social Experience. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 3, 173\u2013192 (2008).","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.055","volume":"303","author":"MA Bezdek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bezdek, M. A. et al. Neural evidence that suspense narrows attentional focus. Neuroscience. 303, 338\u2013345 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"73066_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2011.01202.x","volume":"35","author":"JP Magliano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Magliano, J. P. & Zacks, J. M. The impact of continuity editing in Narrative Film on Event Segmentation. Cogn. Sci. 35, 1489\u20131517 (2011).","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03214339","volume":"4","author":"DT Levin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levin, D. T. & Simons, D. J. Failure to detect changes to attended objects in motion pictures. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 4, 501\u2013506 (1997).","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"73066_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, T. J. & Henderson, J. M. Edit blindness: the relationship between attention and global change blindness in dynamic scenes. JEMR 2, 1\u201317 (2008).","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.2.2.6"},{"key":"73066_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potter, R. F., Lynch, T., Kraus, A. & I\u2019ve Heard That Before: Habituation of the Orienting Response Follows Repeated Presentation of Auditory Structural Features in Radio. Communication Monographs 82, 359\u2013378 (2015).","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2015.1019529"},{"key":"73066_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12455","volume":"12","author":"LC Loschky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loschky, L. C., Larson, A. M., Smith, T. J. & Magliano, J. P. The Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) Applied to visual narratives. Top. Cogn. Sci. 12, 311\u2013351 (2020).","journal-title":"Top. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gerrig, R. Experiencing Narrative Worlds (Routledge, 1993). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429500633","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429500633"},{"key":"73066_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000272","volume":"25","author":"CT Hsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsu, C. T., Conrad, M. & Jacobs, A. M. Fiction feelings in Harry Potter: haemodynamic response in the mid-cingulate cortex correlates with immersive reading experience. NeuroReport. 25, 1356\u20131361 (2014).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"73066_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073909352874","volume":"2","author":"PC Hogan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hogan, P. C. Fictions and feelings: on the place of literature in the study of emotion. Emot. Rev. 2, 184\u2013195 (2010).","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"73066_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacobs, A. M. & L\u00fcdtke, J. Immersion into narrative and poetic worlds a neurocognitive poetics perspective. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/lal.27.05jac","DOI":"10.1075\/lal.27.05jac"},{"key":"73066_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Findlay, J. M. & Gilchrist, I. D. Active Vision: The Psychology of Looking and Seeing (Oxford University Press, 2003).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524793.001.0001"},{"key":"73066_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgac020","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac020","volume":"1","author":"J Madsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madsen, J. & Parra, L. C. Cognitive processing of a common stimulus synchronizes brains, hearts, and eyes. PNAS Nexus. 1, pgac020 (2022).","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"73066_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Madsen, J. & Parra, L. C. Brain-Body Interaction during Natural Story Listening. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.01.31.526511.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.01.31.526511"},{"key":"73066_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-00420-w","volume":"22","author":"Y Yeshurun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeshurun, Y., Nguyen, M. & Hasson, U. The default mode network: where the idiosyncratic self meets the shared social world. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 181\u2013192 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"73066_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00631","volume":"14","author":"A Yoshikawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoshikawa, A. et al. Heart rate and respiration affect the Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front. Neurosci. 14, 631 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"73066_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.1.1","volume":"1","author":"DJ Felleman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Felleman, D. J. & Van Essen, D. C. Distributed hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 1, 1\u201347 (1991).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"73066_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.007","volume":"16","author":"U Hasson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hasson, U., Ghazanfar, A. A., Galantucci, B., Garrod, S. & Keysers, C. Brain-to-brain coupling: a mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16, 114\u2013121 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"73066_CR75","unstructured":"YouGov When watching TV shows or movies in your native language, do you generally prefer to have the subtitles on or off? | Daily Question. (2023). https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/topics\/media\/survey-results\/daily\/2023\/02\/24\/9a34f\/3"},{"key":"73066_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2018.02.021","volume":"24","author":"L Nummenmaa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nummenmaa, L., Lahnakoski, J. M. & Glerean, E. Sharing the social world via intersubject neural synchronisation. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 24, 7\u201314 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"73066_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.023","volume":"142","author":"G Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, G. et al. Untangling the relatedness among correlations, part I: nonparametric approaches to inter-subject correlation analysis at the group level. NeuroImage. 142, 248\u2013259 (2016).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73066-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73066-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73066-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T05:03:46Z","timestamp":1730783026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73066-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["73066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-73066-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26369"}}