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We analyzed two cohorts: 1000 individuals from the general Swedish population and 933 patients who received plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. Using Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence analyses, as well as Cox and competing risk regressions, we assessed whether there is a relationship between sex and cataract surgery. In the general population, female sex was a significant risk factor for cataract surgery, with a 10-year incidence of 16% compared to 10% for males (subdistribution hazard ratio adjusted for age, 1.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the brachytherapy cohort, female sex was not associated with an increased incidence of cataract surgery, with a 10-year incidence of 25% versus 23% for males (HR 1.08, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61). Visual acuity at the time of cataract surgery did not significantly differ between sexes in either cohort, suggesting that differences in surgery rates are not due to health-seeking behavior or surgery assessment thresholds. These findings indicate that female sex is associated with a higher risk of cataract surgery in the general population, but not among those treated with plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73346-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T15:03:01Z","timestamp":1727190181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of female sex with cataract surgery in the general population but not in plaque brachytherapy-treated uveal melanoma patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Hagstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Sabazade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustav","family":"St\u00e5lhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"73346_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01839-6","volume":"401","author":"MV Cicinelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cicinelli, M. 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