{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:57:31Z","timestamp":1773431851100,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73927-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T18:01:44Z","timestamp":1727892104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A new texture-based labeling framework for hyper-reflective foci identification in retinal optical coherence tomography images"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Monemian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa Ghaderi","family":"Daneshmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajed","family":"Rakhshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"73927_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.003978","volume":"17","author":"JG Fujimoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujimoto, J. G., Drexler, W., Schuman, J. S. & Hitzenberger, C. K. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in ophthalmology: Introduction. Opt. Express. 17(5), 3978\u20133979 (2009).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"73927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.3017037","volume":"70","author":"M Monemian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monemian, M. & Rabbani, H. Analysis of a novel segmentation algorithm for optical coherence tomography images based on pixels intensity correlations. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.70, 1\u201312 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"73927_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monemian, M. & Rabbani, H. Mathematical analysis of texture indicators for the segmentation of optical coherence tomography images. Optik. 219(165227). (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165227"},{"key":"73927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monemian, M. & Rabbani, H. A new texture-based segmentation method for optical coherence tomography images. EMBC. (2019).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2019.8856610"},{"key":"73927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mousavi, N. et al. Cyst identification in retinal optical coherence tomography images using hidden Markov model. Sci. Rep.13(12) (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27243-2"},{"key":"73927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monemian, M., Irajpour, M. & Rabbani, H. A review on texture-based methods for anomaly detection in retinal optical coherence tomography images. Optik. 288, 171165, (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2023.171165"},{"key":"73927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226646","volume":"11","author":"MEW Torm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torm, M. E. W. et al. Characterization of hyperreflective dots by structural and angiographic optical coherence tomography in patients with diabetic retinopathy and healthy subjects. J. Clin. Med.11, 6646 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"73927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.039","volume":"116","author":"M Bolz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bolz, M. et al. Optical coherence tomographic hyperreflective foci: A morphologic sign of lipid extravasation in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 116, 914\u2013920 (2009).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"73927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schreur, V. et al. Retinal hyperreflective foci in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Retina. (2019).","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002626"},{"key":"73927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000342159","volume":"229","author":"G Coscas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coscas, G. et al. Hyperreflective dots: A new spectral-domain optical coherence tomography entity for follow-up and prognosis in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica. 229, 32\u201337 (2012).","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"73927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vujosevic, S. et al. Hyperreflective Intraretinal spots in diabetics without and with Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: An in vivo study using spectral domain OCT. J. Diabetes Res., 491835. (2013).","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/491835"},{"key":"73927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S58164","volume":"8","author":"M Kuroda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuroda, M. et al. Intraretinal hyperreflective foci on spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Clin. Ophthalmol.8, 435\u2013440 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"73927_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansooreh Ezhei, G., Plonka & Rabbani, H. Retinal optical coherence tomography image analysis by a restricted Boltzmann machine. Biomed. Opt. Express. 13, 4539\u20134558 (2022).","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.458753"},{"issue":"9","key":"73927_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5814","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9950","volume":"53","author":"P Carsten Framme","year":"2012","unstructured":"Framme, C., Schweizer, P., Imesch, M., Wolf, S. and Wolf-Schnurrbusch, U. Behavior of SD-OCT-detected Hyperreflective Foci in the retina of anti-VEGF-treated patients with diabetic macular edema. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.53(9), 5814\u20135818 (2012).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"73927_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.018","volume":"179","author":"S Omri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Omri, S. et al. Microglia\/Macrophages Migrate through retinal epithelium barrier by a Transcellular Route in Diabetic Retinopathy: role of PKC\u03b6 in the Goto Kakizaki Rat Model. Am. J. Pathol.179, 942\u2013953 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"73927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.45.37","volume":"45","author":"EA Ling","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ling, E. A. A light microscopic demonstration of amoeboid microglia and microglial cells in the retina of rats of various ages. Arch. Histol. Jpn. 45, 37\u201344 (1982).","journal-title":"Arch. Histol. Jpn"},{"key":"73927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaap8492","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap8492","volume":"4","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Repopulating retinal microglia restore endogenous organization and function under CX3CL1-CX3CR1 regulation. Sci. Adv.4, eaap8492 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"73927_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000336","volume":"35","author":"U De Benedetto","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Benedetto, U., Sacconi, R., Pierro, L., Lattanzio, R. & Bandello, F. Optical coherence tomographic hyperreflective foci in early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Retina. 35, 449\u2013453 (2015).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"73927_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Fragiotta, S. Abdolrahimzadeh, R. D. Marco, Y. Sakurada, O. Gal-Or, G. Scuderi, Significance of Hyperreflective Foci as an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker in Retinal diseases: Characterization and clinical implications. J. Ophthalmol. (2021).","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6096017"},{"issue":"2","key":"73927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.2.21","volume":"9","author":"S Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie, S. et al. Fast and automated hyperreflective Foci Segmentation based on image enhancement and improved 3D U-Net in SD-OCT volumes with Diabetic Retinopathy. Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.9(2), 21 (2020).","journal-title":"Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"73927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao Zhou, J. et al. Depth-resolved visualization and automated quantification of hyperreflective foci on OCT scans using optical attenuation coefficients. Biomed. Opt. Express. 13, 4175\u20134189 (2022).","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.467623"},{"key":"73927_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mokhtari, M., Kamasi, Z. G. & Rabbani, H. Automatic detection of hyperreflective foci in OCT B-scans using morphological component analysis. in 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) (2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2017.8037119"},{"key":"73927_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15237","volume":"101","author":"MF Schmidt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmidt, M. F. et al. Automated detection of hyperreflective foci in the outer nuclear layer of the retina. Acta Ophthalmol.101, 200\u2013206 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"73927_CR24","first-page":"014002","volume":"5","author":"IP Okuwobi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okuwobi, I. P. et al. Automated segmentation of hyperreflective foci in spectral domain optical coherence tomography with diabetic retinopathy. J. Med. Imaging (Bellingham). 5(1), 014002 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging (Bellingham)"},{"key":"73927_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688986","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.688986","volume":"8","author":"H Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Algorithm for detection and quantification of Hyperreflective dots on Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Macular Edema. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 8, 688986 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"73927_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, S., Sethi, A., Pfau, M., Munro, M., Chan, R.V.P., Lim, J.I., Hallak, J., Alam, M. Automated region of interest selection improves deep learning-based segmentation of hyper-reflective foci in optical coherence tomography images. J. Clin. Med. 11, 7404 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247404"},{"key":"73927_CR27","first-page":"1148","volume":"36","author":"J Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, J. et al. Automatic segmentation of Hyperreflective Foci in OCT images based on Lightweight DBR Network. J. Digit. Imaging. 36, 1148\u20131157 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"73927_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saha, S., Nassisi, M. & Wang, M. et al. Automated detection and classification of early AMD biomarkers using deep learning. Sci. Rep. 9, 10990 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47390-3"},{"key":"73927_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Padilla-Pantoja, F.D., Sanchez, Y.D., Quijano-Nieto, B.A., Perdomo, O.J. & Gonzalez, F.A. Etiology of macular edema defined by deep learning in optical coherence tomography scans. Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech. 11(9), 29 (2022).","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.9.29"},{"key":"73927_CR30","unstructured":"Teng, P. Caserel\u2014An open source software for computer-aided segmentation of retinal layers in optical coherence tomography images. Zenodo Sep.15, (2013)."},{"key":"73927_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. D. Sanchez, B. Nieto, F. D. Padilla, O. Perdomo, F. A. G. Osorio, Segmentation of retinal fluids and hyperreflective foci using deep learning approach in optical coherence tomography scans. in The 16th International Symposium on Medical Information Processing and Analysis, Lima, Peru (2020).","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2579934"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73927-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73927-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73927-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T18:02:51Z","timestamp":1727892171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-73927-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["73927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-73927-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22933"}}