{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:44:43Z","timestamp":1790192683167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","award":["21K16882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K16882"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","award":["20K18357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K18357"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","award":["20K18357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K18357"]}]},{"name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","award":["18K09424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K09424"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22gm1510007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22gm1510007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myopia is a global public health concern, with a higher prevalence in women than that in male. As the relationship between sex hormone and myopia remains unclear, we aimed to reveal the relationship between sex hormone and myopia by removing the ovaries of mice and measuring changes in ocular parameters related to myopia. Lens-induced myopia (LIM) surgeries were performed on 3-week-old male mice and age-matched female mice to evaluate the effects of sex on myopia development, which indicated a high degree of myopia and rapid progression of axial elongation in male mice. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) performed on 4-week-old female mice induced myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Although axial length elongation was larger in ovariectomized mice than that in sham control mice, the result was insignificant. To further reveal the relationship between female sex hormones and myopia, LIM combined with OVX was performed, which revealed a magnified myopic refraction status in ovariectomized mice. Nevertheless, elongation of the anterior chamber depth in the \u2212\u200930 D lens-treated eyes significantly increased in LIM\u2009+\u2009OVX mice compared with the frame-treated eyes in LIM\u2009+\u2009OVX mice and \u2212\u200930 D lens-treated eyes in LIM\u2009+\u2009Sham surgery mice. Sex hormones play a role in regulating myopia development in female mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74337-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T04:01:47Z","timestamp":1727928107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Myopic shift in female mice after ovariectomy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiwako","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heonuk","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihide","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"74337_CR1","first-page":"202","volume":"28","author":"PJ Foster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foster, P. J. & Jiang, Y. Epidemiology of myopia. Eye (Basingstoke) 28, 202\u2013208 (2014).","journal-title":"Eye (Basingstoke)"},{"key":"74337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.12.001","volume":"52","author":"K Ohno-Matsui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohno-Matsui, K., Lai, T. Y. Y., Lai, C. C. & Cheung, C. M. G. Updates of pathologic myopia. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 52, 156\u2013187 (2016).","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"74337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(86)90086-6","volume":"26","author":"GWHM Van Alphen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Van Alphen, G. W. H. M. Choroidal stress and emmetropization. Vis. Res. 26, 723\u2013734 (1986).","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"74337_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.03.017","volume":"129","author":"CY Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, C. Y. et al. Premyopia at preschool age: Population-based evidence of prevalence and risk factors from a serial survey in Taiwan. Ophthalmology 129, 880\u2013889 (2022).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"74337_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.08.013","volume":"129","author":"YC Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y. C., Hsu, N. W., Wang, C. Y., Shyong, M. P. & Tsai, D. C. Prevalence trend of myopia after promoting eye care in preschoolers: a serial survey in Taiwan before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Ophthalmology 129, 181\u2013190 (2022).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"74337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.901480","volume":"10","author":"S Matsumura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matsumura, S. et al. Prevalence of myopia and its associated factors among Japanese preschool children. Front. Public Health 10, 1\u20138 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"74337_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.030","volume":"124","author":"X Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Significant axial elongation with minimal change in refraction in 3- to 6-year-old Chinese preschoolers: the Shenzhen Kindergarten Eye Study. Ophthalmology 124, 1826\u20131838 (2017).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"74337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1220-0","volume":"20","author":"A Grzybowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grzybowski, A., Kanclerz, P., Tsubota, K., Lanca, C. & Saw, S. M. A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide. BMC Ophthalmol. 20, 27 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holden, B. A. et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 123, 1036\u20131042 (2016).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"74337_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000555","volume":"45","author":"T Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, T., Zhou, X., Chen, X., Qi, H. & Gao, Q. Refractive error in Chinese Preschool children: the Shanghai Study. Eye Contact Lens 45, 182\u2013187 (2019).","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"74337_CR11","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Development of refractive parameters in 3- to 6-year-old children and its application in myopia prediction and intervention guidance. Comput. Math. Methods Med. (2021)."},{"key":"74337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.173187","volume":"94","author":"W Low","year":"2010","unstructured":"Low, W. et al. Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 94, 1012\u20131016 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20170088","volume":"80","author":"V Galvis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galvis, V. et al. Refractive errors in children and adolescents in Bucaramanga (Colombia). Arq. Bras. Oftalmol 80, 359\u2013363 (2017).","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Oftalmol"},{"key":"74337_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117349","volume":"10","author":"R Saxena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saxena, R. et al. Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in urban school children in Delhi: the North India myopia study (NIM study). PLoS One 10, 1\u201311 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"74337_CR15","first-page":"796","volume":"30","author":"L Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou. Eye (Basingstoke) 30, 796\u2013804 (2016).","journal-title":"Eye (Basingstoke)"},{"key":"74337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0483-6","volume":"17","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, Y., Liu, J. & Qi, P. The increasing prevalence of myopia in junior high school students in the Haidian District of Beijing, China: a 10-year population-based survey. BMC Ophthalmol. 17, 1\u20139 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3451","volume":"138","author":"Y Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, Y. et al. Association of age at myopia onset with risk of high myopia in adulthood in a 12-year follow-up of a Chinese cohort. JAMA Ophthalmol. 138, 1129\u20131134 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12305","volume":"36","author":"SYL Chua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chua, S. Y. L. et al. Age of onset of myopia predicts risk of high myopia in later childhood in myopic Singapore children. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 36, 388\u2013394 (2016).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"74337_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180851","volume":"12","author":"H Ohsugi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohsugi, H. et al. Axial length changes in highly myopic eyes and influence of myopic macular complications in Japanese adults. PLoS One 12, 5\u201313 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"74337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.3303","volume":"139","author":"R Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du, R. et al. Continued increase of axial length and its risk factors in adults with high myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 139, 1096\u20131103 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.3103","volume":"137","author":"E Yotsukura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yotsukura, E. et al. Current prevalence of myopia and association of myopia with environmental factors among schoolchildren in Japan. JAMA Ophthalmol. 137, 1233\u20131239 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111788","volume":"8","author":"K Mori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mori, K. et al. High myopia and its associated factors in JPHC-NEXT eye study: a cross-sectional observational study. J. Clin. Med. 8, 1\u201313 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"74337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05217-w","volume":"259","author":"CA Ludwig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ludwig, C. A., Boucher, N., Saroj, N. & Moshfeghi, D. M. Differences in anterior peripheral pathologic myopia and macular pathologic myopia by age and gender. Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 259, 3511\u20133513 (2021).","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"R Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, R. et al. Sex disparity in myopia explained by puberty among Chinese adolescents from 1995 to 2014: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health 10, 1\u201312 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"74337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16262","volume":"56","author":"IJ Lyu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyu, I. J. et al. The association between menarche and myopia: findings from the Korean national health and nutrition examination, 2008\u20132012. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 56, 4712\u20134718 (2015).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.02.005","volume":"50","author":"PD Gupta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gupta, P. D., Johar, K., Nagpal, K. & Vasavada, A. R. Sex hormone receptors in the human eye. Surv. Ophthalmol. 50, 274\u2013284 (2005).","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKay, T. B., Priyadarsini, S. & Karamichos, D. Sex hormones, growth hormone, and the cornea. Cells 11 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11020224"},{"key":"74337_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuzzi, R., Scalabrin, S., Becco, A. & Panzica, G. Gonadal hormones and retinal disorders: a review. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 9 (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00066"},{"key":"74337_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2014.109","volume":"3","author":"A Sophocleous","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sophocleous, A. & Idris, A. I. Rodent models of osteoporosis. Bonekey Rep. 3, 1\u20139 (2014).","journal-title":"Bonekey Rep."},{"key":"74337_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12488","volume":"3","author":"KA Cox-York","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cox-York, K. A. et al. Ovariectomy results in differential shifts in gut microbiota in low versus high aerobic capacity rats. Physiol. Rep. 3, 1\u201314 (2015).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"74337_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01732","volume":"8","author":"E Mendes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendes, E. et al. Prophylactic supplementation of Bifidobacterium longum 51A protects mice from ovariectomy-induced exacerbated allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Front. Microbiol. 8, 1\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"74337_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001437","volume":"37","author":"V Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Sur, V. P., Guha, R., Konar, A. & Hazra, S. Estrogen modulates corneal nociception and maintains corneal homeostasis in rat eye. Cornea 37, 508\u2013514 (2018).","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"74337_CR33","first-page":"125","volume":"5","author":"FA Al Wadaani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al Wadaani, F. A., Amin, T. T., Ali, A. & Khan, A. R. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Glob. J. Health Sci. 5, 125\u2013134 (2013).","journal-title":"Glob. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J. F. et al. Refractive error, visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong, China. The Shandong children eye study. PLoS One 8 (2013).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082763"},{"key":"74337_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0285","volume":"45","author":"PK Nirmalan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nirmalan, P. K. et al. Female reproductive factors and eye disease in a rural south Indian population: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 4273\u20134276 (2004).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030171","volume":"8","author":"SA Chung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chung, S. A., Lee, H. S., Kim, S. W. & Hwang, J. S. Myopic progression in girls with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for central precocious puberty. Children 8, 4\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"74337_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000085732","volume":"219","author":"F Parentin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parentin, F. & Perissutti, P. Congenital growth hormone deficiency and eye refraction: a longitudinal study. Ophthalmologica 219, 226\u2013231 (2005).","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"74337_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7961","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10402","volume":"53","author":"VCH Yip","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yip, V. C. H. et al. The relationship between growth spurts and myopia in Singapore children. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53, 7961\u20137966 (2012).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.03.007","volume":"135","author":"AA Knowlton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knowlton, A. A. & Lee, A. R. Estrogen and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol. Ther. 135, 54\u201370 (2012).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"74337_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000338409","volume":"96","author":"JW Simpkins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simpkins, J. W., Singh, M., Brock, C. & Etgen, A. M. Neuroprotection and estrogen receptors. Neuroendocrinology 96, 119\u2013130 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"74337_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2013.11.005","volume":"37","author":"E Cavdar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cavdar, E., Ozkaya, A., Alkin, Z., Ozkaya, H. M. & Babayigit, M. A. Changes in tear film, corneal topography, and refractive status in premenopausal women during menstrual cycle. Contact Lens Anterior Eye 37, 209\u2013212 (2014).","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"74337_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.103070","volume":"40","author":"S Sarikaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarikaya, S. & Acet, Y. The effect of pregnancy on meibomian gland, tear film, cornea and anterior segment parameters. Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 40, 103070 (2022).","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"74337_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-7-9","volume":"7","author":"E Aydin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aydin, E. et al. Corneal topographic changes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. BMC Ophthalmol. 7, 1\u20134 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.025","volume":"165","author":"TS Vajaranant","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vajaranant, T. S. et al. Effects of hormone therapy on intraocular pressure: the women\u2019s Health Initiative-Sight exam study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 165, 115\u2013124 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.08.002","volume":"142","author":"JY Chuo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chuo, J. Y. et al. Risk factors for posterior vitreous detachment: a case-control study. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 142, 931\u2013938 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"74337_CR46","first-page":"2297","volume":"17","author":"ZTY Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, Z. T. Y., Wang, I. J., Liao, Y. T., Shih, Y. F. & Lin, L. L. K. Polymorphisms in steroidogenesis genes, sex steroid levels, and high myopia in the Taiwanese population. Mol. Vis. 17, 2297\u20132310 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"74337_CR47","first-page":"179","volume":"6","author":"CY Yu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yu, C. Y., Shih, Y. F., Lin, L. L. & Hung, P. T. Study of \u03b2-estradiol, cortisol and testosterone on high myopes. Tzu-chi Med. J. 6, 179\u2013183 (1994).","journal-title":"Tzu-chi Med. J."},{"key":"74337_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8949","volume":"53","author":"R Iribarren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iribarren, R., Fuentes Bonthoux, F., Pfortner, T., Chiaradia, P. & Stell, W. K. Corneal power is correlated with anterior chamber diameter. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53, 3788\u20133791 (2012).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naqvi, S. M. et al. Altered extracellular matrix and mechanotransduction gene expression in rat bone tissue following long-term estrogen deficiency. JBMR Plus 8 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae098"},{"key":"74337_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H. J., Gholam-Zadeh, M., Yoon, S. Y., Suh, J. H. & Choi, H. S. Estrogen decreases cytoskeletal organization by forming an er\u03b1\/shp2\/c-src complex in osteoclasts to protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Antioxidants 10 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040619"},{"key":"74337_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geoghegan, I. P., McNamara, L. M. & Hoey, D. A. Estrogen withdrawal alters cytoskeletal and primary ciliary dynamics resulting in increased hedgehog and osteoclastogenic paracrine signalling in osteocytes. Sci. Rep. 11, (2021).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88633-6"},{"key":"74337_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117220","volume":"188","author":"V Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, V. & Morgan, E. F. Estrogen and estrogen receptors mediate the mechanobiology of bone disease and repair. Bone 188, 117220 (2024).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"74337_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118815","volume":"98","author":"J McLaren","year":"1996","unstructured":"McLaren, J. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is produced by peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis and is regulated by ovarian steroids. J. Clin. Investig. 98, 482\u2013489 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"74337_CR54","first-page":"2122","volume":"40","author":"I Suzuma","year":"1999","unstructured":"Suzuma, I. et al. 17 \u03b2-Estradiol increases VEGF receptor-2 and promotes DNA synthesis in retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 40, 2122\u20132129 (1999).","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"74337_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105910","volume":"183","author":"JM Storment","year":"2000","unstructured":"Storment, J. M., Meyer, M. & Osol, G. Estrogen augments the vasodilatory effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in the uterine circulation of the rat. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 183, 449\u2013453 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"74337_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501244200","volume":"280","author":"X Guo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guo, X., Razandi, M., Pedram, A., Kassab, G. & Levin, E. R. Estrogen induces vascular wall dilation: mediation through kinase signaling to nitric oxide and estrogen receptors \u03b1 and \u03b2. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19704\u201319710 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"74337_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-020-00224-0","volume":"8","author":"X Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Choroidal blood perfusion as a potential rapid predictive index for myopia development and progression. Eye Vis. 8, 1\u20135 (2021).","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"74337_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores-Moreno, I., Lugo, F., Duker, J. S. & Ruiz-Moreno, J. M. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 155 (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.015"},{"key":"74337_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac166","volume":"1","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor from retinal pigment epithelium is essential in choriocapillaris and axial length maintenance. PNAS Nexus 1, 1\u201313 (2022).","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"74337_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33605-1","volume":"13","author":"S Ikeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ikeda, S. et al. Scleral PERK and ATF6 as targets of myopic axial elongation of mouse eyes. Nat. Commun. 13, 1\u201314 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"74337_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018840118","volume":"118","author":"X Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. Violet light suppresses lens-induced myopia via neuropsin (OPN5) in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 118, 1\u20138 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"74337_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36576-w","volume":"9","author":"K Mori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mori, K. et al. Oral crocetin administration suppressed refractive shift and axial elongation in a murine model of lens-induced myopia. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74337_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"X Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, X. et al. A highly efficient murine model of experimental myopia. Sci. Rep. 8, 1\u201312 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74337_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luengo-Mateos, M. et al. Protocol for ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in mice. STAR. Protoc. 5 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.102910"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74337-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74337-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74337-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T05:04:26Z","timestamp":1727931866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74337-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["74337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-74337-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is a patent application for the design of the mouse eyeglass by Tsubota Laboratory, Inc. (patent application no. 2017\u201341349). K.T. reports his position as CEO of Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, a company producing myopia-related devices.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Research of the Keio University School of Medicine (Approval number: A2022-242) and adhered to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research, the Institutional Guidelines on Animal Experimentation at Keio University, and the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experimental (ARRIVE) guidelines for the use of animals in research. Our study was also conducted in accordance with Sex and Gender Equity in Research guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}],"article-number":"22946"}}