{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T19:58:19Z","timestamp":1794427099942,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002386","name":"Cairo University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FBZTs) pose significant health risks and economic challenges worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of encysted metacercariae (EMCs) in Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from two Egyptian governorates and evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of chitosan, silver, and selenium nanoparticles against these parasites. A cross-sectional analysis of 453\n                    <jats:italic>O. niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    specimens revealed an overall EMC prevalence of 40.8%, with infection rates of 34.11% in Giza and 49.5% in Dakahlia. Clinostomid and Prohemistomid metacercariae were the most common, with mixed infections observed. Transmission electron microscopy characterized the synthesized nanoparticles, showing average diameters of 9.6\u201318.7\u00a0nm for chitosan, 13.2\u201319.8\u00a0nm for selenium, and 11.7\u201315.1\u00a0nm for silver nanoparticles. In vitro antiparasitic assays demonstrated varying efficacies among the nanoparticles. Against\n                    <jats:italic>Clinostomum<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. metacercariae, chitosan nanoparticles showed the highest potency, achieving LC50 at 66\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml after 30\u00a0min and LC90 at 100\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml after 120\u00a0min. For\n                    <jats:italic>Prohemistomum vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    EMCs, chitosan nanoparticles exhibited superior efficacy, achieving LC50 at 8\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml after 1\u00a0h and LC90 at 16\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml after 2\u00a0h. Silver and selenium nanoparticles showed lower efficacy for both parasite species. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant ultrastructural damage to the parasite tegument following nanoparticle exposure, including disappearance of transverse ridges, integument shrinkage, and formation of blebs. This study provided valuable insights into the prevalence of FBZTs in Egyptian Nile tilapia and demonstrated the potential of nanoparticles, particularly chitosan, as effective antiparasitic agents. These findings pave the way for developing novel, targeted strategies to control fish-borne zoonotic trematodes, potentially reducing their impact on public health and aquaculture economies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74846-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1729828938000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An innovative approach to control fish-borne zoonotic metacercarial infections in aquaculture by utilizing nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Olfat A.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai A.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"74846_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes4010009","volume":"4","author":"S Shamsi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shamsi, S. Seafood-borne parasitic diseases: a \u201cone-health\u201d approach is needed. Fishes 4(1), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fishes4010009 (2019).","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"key":"74846_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shamsi, S. et al. Wild fish as reservoirs of parasites on Australian Murray cod farms. Aquaculture. 539. ISSN 0044\u20138486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736584 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736584"},{"key":"74846_CR3","unstructured":"WHO. Workshop on food-borne trematode infections in Asia. Ha Noi, Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam, 26\u201328 WPRO, 58. (2004)."},{"key":"74846_CR4","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization Pre-harvest food safety. Report of a WHO consultation with the participation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Office International des Epizooties. Berlin, Germany (2017)."},{"key":"74846_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.107800","author":"OM Kandil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kandil, O. M. et al. Cystic echinococcosis: development of an intermediate host rabbit model for using in vaccination studies. Exp. Parasitol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.107800 (2020).","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"74846_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03901-7","volume":"20","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Abdel-Maogood, S. Z., Abdelsalam, M. & Salem, M. A. A multidisciplinary study on Clinostomum infections in Nile tilapia: micromorphology, oxidative stress, immunology, and histopathology. BMC Vet. Res. 20, 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03901-7 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"74846_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105239","volume":"172","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Salem, M. A., Abdelsalam, M., Shaheed, I. B. & Attia, M. M. Immunological and molecular evaluation of zoonotic metacercarial infection in freshwater fish: a cross-sectional analysis. Res. Veterinary Sci. 172, 105239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2024.105239 (2024).","journal-title":"Res. Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"74846_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04226-1","volume":"20","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Ramadan, R. M. & Salem, M. A. Innovative molecular and immunological approaches of heterophyiasis infecting some Egyptian marketed fishes. BMC Vet. Res. 20, 385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-04226-1 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"74846_CR9","first-page":"202","volume":"13","author":"HL Kotb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kotb, H. L., Mahdy, O. A. & Shaheed, I. B. Parasitological and histopathological study of digenetic trematodes in mullets from Lake Qarun. Egypt. Glob. Vet. 13(2), 202\u2013208 (2014).","journal-title":"Egypt. Glob. Vet."},{"key":"74846_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-020-00602-4","volume":"28","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Mahmoud, A. M. & Abdelsalam, M. Morphological characterization and histopathological alterations of homologs Heterophyid metacercarial coinfection in farmed mullets and experimental infected pigeons. Aquacult. Int. 28, 2491\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-020-00602-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"74846_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"00","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A. et al. Epidemiological study of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes infecting Nile tilapia with first molecular characterization of two heterophyid flukes. Aquacult. Res. 00, 1\u201314 (2021).","journal-title":"Aquacult. Res."},{"key":"74846_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5579508","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Abdelsalam, M. & Salem, M. A. Molecular characterization and immunological approaches associated with yellow grub trematode (Clinostomid) infecting Nile Tilapia. Aquac. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/5579508 (2023).","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"74846_CR13","first-page":"135","volume":"2","author":"M Nasser","year":"1941","unstructured":"Nasser, M. The occurrence of Prohemistomum vivax infections in man with redescription of the parasite. Lab. Med. Program 2, 135\u2013149 (1941).","journal-title":"Laboratory Medicine Program"},{"key":"74846_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8581379","author":"KT Anh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anh, K. T. et al. Prevalence, species distribution, and related factors of fish-borne trematode infection in Ninh Binh Province, Hindawi. BioMed Res. Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8581379 (2019).","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"74846_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-1704-3","volume-title":"Human intestinal Flukes. From discovery to treatment and control","author":"JY Chai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chai, J. Y. Human intestinal Flukes. From discovery to treatment and control (Springer Nature B.V, 2019)."},{"key":"74846_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3923\/ijzr.2017.45.53","volume":"13","author":"TB Ibrahim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibrahim, T. B. & Mahdy, O. A. In vitro and in vivo effects of Carica papaya seed extract on the ultrastructure of the tegument of Prohemistomum vivax (Sonsino, 1892) (Trematoda: Prohemistomatidae). Int. J. Zool. Res. 13, 45\u201353 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"74846_CR17","first-page":"1055","volume":"55","author":"S Abdelkhalek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelkhalek, S. et al. Molecular identification and histopathological alterations associated with Prohemistomum vivax encysted metacercariae infection in farmed African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Egypt. J. Veterinary Sci. 55(4), 1055\u20131065 (2024).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Veterinary Sci."},{"key":"74846_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5107","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01418-2","volume":"32","author":"S Abdelkhalek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelkhalek, S. et al. Alterations in histopathology and stress-associated gene expression induced by infection with Prohemistomum vivax encysted metacercariae in Nile tilapia. Aquacult. Int. 32, 5107\u20135124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10499-024-01418-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"74846_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12061006","author":"M Fernandes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes, M. et al. Polysaccharides and metal nanoparticles for functional textiles: a review. Nanomaterials https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12061006 (2022).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"74846_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2006.04.037","volume":"30","author":"MS El Naschie","year":"2006","unstructured":"El Naschie, M. S. Nanotechnology for the developing world. Chaos Solitons Fractals. 30, 769\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chaos.2006.04.037 (2006).","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals."},{"issue":"2","key":"74846_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020661","volume":"28","author":"S Malik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malik, S., Muhammad, K. & Waheed, Y. Nanotechnology; A revolution in modern industry. Molecules. 28(2), 661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28020661 (2023).","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"74846_CR22","first-page":"81","volume":"38","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A. & Shaheed, I. B. Histopathological study on the effect of Renicola heroni on the kidneys of giant heron Ardea goliath. Helminthologia 38, 81\u201383 (2001).","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"74846_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2021.145698","volume":"25","author":"MA Salem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salem, M. A., Abdel-Maogood, S. Z., Abdelsalam, M. & Mahdy, O. A. Comparative morpho-molecular identification of\u00a0Clinostomum phalacrocoracis\u00a0and\u00a0Clinostomum complanatum\u00a0metacercaria coinfecting Nile tilapia in Egypt. Egypt. J. Aquat. Bio. Fish. 25(1), 461\u2013476 (2021).","journal-title":"Egypt J Aquat Biology Fisheries."},{"issue":"3","key":"74846_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.12816\/Jesp.2017.77706","volume":"47","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Abdel-Maogood, S. Z., Mohammed, F. F. & Salem, M. A. Effect of Verbesina alternifolia and Mentha piperita oil extracts on newly excysted metacercaria of Euclinostomum heterostomum (Rudolphi, 1809) (Digenea: Clinostomatidae) from naturally infected kidneys of Tilapia zillii in Egypt. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP) 47(3), 513\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12816\/Jesp.2017.77706 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP)"},{"issue":"1","key":"74846_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2019.68295","volume":"49","author":"M Saad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saad, M. S., Amani, M. S., & Olfat, A. M. Prevalence of metacercarial infection in some marketed fish in Giza Governorate, Egypt. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 49(1), 129\u2013134 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol."},{"key":"74846_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3943-4","volume":"113","author":"OM Abou Shady","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abou Shady, O. M., Basyoni, M. M. A. & Mahdy, O. A. The effect of praziquantel and\u00a0Carica papaya\u00a0seeds on\u00a0Hymenolepis nana\u00a0infection in mice using scanning electron microscope. Parasitol. Res. 113, 2827\u20132836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-014-3943-4 (2014).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"74846_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-022-00229-9","volume":"11","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Abdel-Maogood, S. Z., Abdelrahman, H. A., Fathy, F. M. & Salem, M. A. Assessment of Verbesina alternifolia and Mentha piperita oil extracts on Clinostomum phalacrocoracis metacercariae from Tilapia zillii. Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 11(1), 48 (2022).","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"74846_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15565","volume":"53","author":"OA Mahdy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdy, O. A., Abdelsalam, M., Abdel-Maogood, S. Z., Shaalan, M. & Salem, M. A. First genetic confirmation of Clinostomidae metacercariae infection in Oreochromis niloticus in Egypt. Aquac. Res. 53(1), 199\u2013207 (2022).","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"74846_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salem, M. A., Olfat, A., Mahdy, M. S. & Reem, M. R. The phylogenetic position and analysis of Renicola and Apharyngostrigea species isolated from cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). Sci. Rep.. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-43479-y  (2023).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43479-y"},{"key":"74846_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shareef, P. A. & Abidi Syed, M. A. Studies on the epidemiology and histopathology of Euclinostomum heterostomum (Trematoda; Digenea) infection in Channa punctata from North India. J. Poli. Fisheries. 23, 133-140, https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:30004681 (2015).","DOI":"10.1515\/aopf-2015-0015"},{"key":"74846_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M. M. et al. Dasyrhynchus giganteus plerocercoids encysting in the musculature of Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei):seasonal prevalence, morpho-molecular characterization, and histopathological alterations. BMC Vet.Res. 20(1), 332 (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04156-y"},{"key":"74846_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.044","volume":"219","author":"AM Mahmoud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahmoud, A. M. et al. Infectious bacterial pathogens, parasites and pathological correlations of sewage pollution as an important threat to farmed fishes in Egypt. Environ. Pollut. 219, 939\u2013948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.09.044 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"74846_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1221365","author":"J Shang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shang, J. et al. Recent developments in nanomaterials for upgrading treatment of orthopedics diseases. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1221365 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"74846_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/hygiene3030020","volume":"3","author":"GE Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz, G. E. et al. Antimicrobial nanomaterials: a review. Hygiene. 3(3), 269\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hygiene3030020 (2023).","journal-title":"Hygiene."},{"key":"74846_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956","volume":"12","author":"L Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, L., Hu, C. & Shao, L. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 12, 1227\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S121956 (2017).","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine."},{"issue":"13","key":"74846_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1850-4","volume":"25","author":"G Benelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benelli, G. Mode of action of nanoparticles against insects. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25(13), 12329\u201312341 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"74846_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehlhorn, H. (Ed) Nanoparticles in the fight against parasites. Parasitol. Res. Monographs vol. 8, Springer, Berlin, New York (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25292-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"74846_CR38","first-page":"411","volume":"4","author":"D Elieh-Ali-Komi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elieh-Ali-Komi, D. & Hamblin, M. R. Chitin and Chitosan: production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. Int. J. Adv. Res. (Indore). 4(3), 411\u2013427 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. (Indore)."},{"key":"74846_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12356","author":"BR Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah, B. R. & Mraz, J. Advances in nanotechnology for sustainable aquaculture and fisheries. Rev. Aquac https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/raq.12356 (2019).","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac"},{"key":"74846_CR40","unstructured":"Nangmenyi, G., & Economy, J. Nanometallic particles for oligodynamic microbialdisinfection. A. Street, R. Sustich, J. Duncan, N. Savage (Eds.) Nanotechnology applications for clean water: Solutions for improving water quality. William Andrew, Norwich, 283\u2013295 (2014)."},{"key":"74846_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52309-8","volume":"14","author":"NA Mostafa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mostafa, N. A., Hamdi, S. A. H. & Fol, M. F. Potential anthelmintic effect of chitosan on\u00a0Syphacia muris\u00a0infecting Wistar rats: biochemical, immunological, and histopathological studies. Sci. Rep. 14, 2825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-52309-8 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"74846_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12568","author":"M Abdel-Latif","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdel-Latif, M., El-Shahawi, G., Aboelhadid, S. M. & Abdel-Tawab, H. Immunoprotective effect of Chitosan Particles on Hymenolepis nana infected mice. Exp. Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sji.12568 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"74846_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salem, H. et al. Morphological and molecular characterization of Ascaridia columbae in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) and the assessment of its immunological responses. Poultry Sci.. 101(2), ISSN 0032\u20135791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101596 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101596"},{"key":"74846_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelsalam, M. et al. Investigating dynamics, etiology,pathology, and therapeutic interventions of Caligus clemensi and Vibrio alginolyticus co-infection in farmed marinefish. Sci. Rep. 14(1), 20704 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70528-x"},{"key":"74846_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.133","volume":"111","author":"NM Abu-Elala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abu-Elala, N. M., Attia, M. M. & Abd-Elsalam, R. M. Chitosan-silver nanocomposites in goldfish aquaria: a new perspective in Lernaea cyprinacea control. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 111, 614\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.133 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74846-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74846-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74846-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T04:04:58Z","timestamp":1729829098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-74846-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["74846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-74846-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All experimental protocols were approved by the guidelines of the ethical committee (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University (Vet CU. IACUC 03,162,023,644). The study was conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and all methods were conducted following relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"25307"}}