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Mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (<jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic>) and dihydropteroate synthase (<jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic>) genes were assessed before and after SMC adoption in Burkina Faso. A total of 769 dried blood spots were selected from studies conducted in Nanoro, Burkina Faso, between 2010 and 2020. Of those, 299 were pre-SMC (2010\u20132012) and 470 were post-SMC-samples. <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> genes were PCR-amplified and sequenced. A systematic review\/meta-analysis of published studies conducted in Burkina Faso (2009\u20132023) was additionally performed. In Nanoro, the prevalence of <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> triple mutations (CIRNI) rose from 43.6% pre-SMC to 89.4% post-SMC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). There was no mutation in <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> 164 and <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> 540; <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> A437<jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold> mutation increased from 63.9% (2010\u20132012) to 84.7% (2020) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The <jats:bold>VAG<\/jats:bold>K<jats:bold>GS<\/jats:bold> haplotype was 2.8% (2020). <jats:italic>Pfdhfr\/Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> quintuple mutant <jats:bold>IRN<\/jats:bold>-436<jats:bold>A<\/jats:bold>437<jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold> rose from 18.6% (2010\u20132012) to 58.3% (2020) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Meta-analysis results from Burkina Faso showed an increase in mutations at <jats:italic>Pfdhfr<\/jats:italic> N51<jats:bold>I<\/jats:bold>, C59<jats:bold>R<\/jats:bold>, S108<jats:bold>N<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic> A437<jats:bold>G<\/jats:bold> after SMC adoption. Post-SMC, the pyrimethamine-resistance marker prevalence increased, while the sulfadoxine-resistance marker prevalence remained stable. Detection of emerging <jats:italic>Pfdhps<\/jats:italic><jats:bold>VAG<\/jats:bold>K<jats:bold>GS<\/jats:bold> haplotypes in 2020 underscores the importance of continuous SP-resistance monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75369-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T06:02:07Z","timestamp":1729058527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evolution of Pfdhps and Pfdhfr mutations before and after adopting seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Nanoro, Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francis Emmanuel Towanou","family":"Bohissou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toussaint","family":"Rouamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berenger","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00e9tawend\u00e9 Job Wilfried","family":"Nassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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