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We assessed the frequency of circulating T cell subsets as potential biomarkers of disease activity and predictor of the risk of relapse after IS withdrawal. Serum levels of the cytokine B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) were also investigated. Blood samples from 58 patients with active AIH, 56 AIH patients in remission, and 31 patients with NASH were analyzed. The frequency of activated CD4+\u2009T peripheral helper (TPH) cells (CD4+CD45RA-CXCR5-PD1+CD38+) and of activated CD8+\u2009T cells (CD8+CD45RA-PD1+CD38+) were assessed by flow cytometry. BAFF levels were determined by ELISA. Activated TPH and CD8+\u2009T cell frequencies were significantly increased in patients with active AIH compared to remission AIH or NASH (TPH: 0.88% of total CD3+\u2009vs. 0.42% and 0.39% respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; CD8+\u2009subset: 1.42% vs. 0.09% and 0.11% <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Among patients in remission undergoing treatment withdrawal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918), those with increased frequencies of activated TPH (&gt;\u20090.5% of total CD3+) and\/or activated CD8+ T cells (&gt;\u20090.18% total CD3+) had a higher risk of relapse (80% vs. 15% after 2 years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0071). High BAFF serum concentration (&gt;\u2009213pg\/ml) was also associated to a higher risk of relapse (57% vs. 11%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0452). In conclusion, high frequency of activated TPH and of activated CD8+, as well as high levels of BAFF, before IS discontinuation, were significantly associated to a greater risk of relapse during the first two years. Thus, they represent promising biomarkers to provide personalized clinical follow-up for patients with AIH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75624-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T08:02:09Z","timestamp":1729238529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["T cell immuno-phenotyping : a source of predictive biomarkers for autoimmune hepatitis relapse"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Astrid","family":"Imbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Jean","family":"Gavlovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Judor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Bardou-Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Elkrief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Lannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Silvain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Schnee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Tanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Vavasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Khaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Brouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Mosnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Gournay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Conchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9d\u00e9e","family":"Renand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"75624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.10.020","volume":"95","author":"A Floreani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floreani, A. et al. 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All the eligible patients signed the informed consent form of CHU Nantes for biobanking which has been approved by the Ethical committee \u201cCPP Ouest IV\u201d.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval, patient consent"}},{"value":"This work was supported by institutional grants from Inserm and Nantes Universit\u00e9 to the Centre de Recherche Translationnelle en Transplantation et Immunologie. This work was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche and Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Offre de Soins (DGOS) (ANR-19-CE17-0024-01). It was carried out in the context of the LabEx IGO programme (ANR-11-LABX-0016-01). The project was also supported by the patient association albi (association pour la lutte contre les maladies inflammatoires du foie et des voies biliaires), by the R\u00e9gion Pays de la Loire, by the Association Fran\u00e7aise pour l\u2019Etude du Foie-Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019H\u00e9patologie (AFEF), and by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale Fran\u00e7aise de Gastro-Ent\u00e9rologie (SNFGE).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial support"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24448"}}