{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:34:51Z","timestamp":1793363691627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant numbers","award":["81672173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672173"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75754-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T10:07:11Z","timestamp":1730282831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Synergistic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells\/neural stem cells and epidural electrical stimulation on spinal cord injury rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaodi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00199-9","volume":"10","author":"B Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan, B., Wei, Z. & Feng, S. Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance. Bone Res. 10(1), 35 (2022).","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"75754_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304153","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1304153","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Spinal cord injury: global burden from 1990 to 2019 and projections up to 2030 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. Front Neurol. 14, 1304153 (2023).","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"75754_CR3","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019. 18(1), 56\u201387."},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718755778","volume":"27","author":"B Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan, B. et al. Microenvironment imbalance of spinal cord injury. Cell Transpl. 27(6), 853\u2013866 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Transpl."},{"issue":"9","key":"75754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0984-1","volume":"19","author":"M Karsy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karsy, M. & Hawryluk, G. Modern medical management of spinal cord injury. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 19(9), 65 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2022.0107","volume":"66","author":"BJ Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, B. J. & Jeong, J. H. Early decompression in acute spinal cord injury: Review and update. J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc. 66(1), 6\u201311 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2022.18.e21","volume":"18","author":"BJ Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, B. J. & Jeong, J. H. Review: Steroid use in patients with acute spinal cord injury and guideline update. Korean J. Neurotrauma 18(1), 22\u201330 (2022).","journal-title":"Korean J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003789","volume":"46","author":"R Duan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duan, R. et al. Clinical benefit of rehabilitation training in spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 46(6), e398\u2013e410 (2021).","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"75754_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i2.120","volume":"6","author":"VR Dasari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dasari, V. R., Veeravalli, K. K. & Dinh, D. H. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A review. World J. Stem Cells 6(2), 120\u2013133 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"issue":"19","key":"75754_CR10","first-page":"6436","volume":"22","author":"CS Bao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bao, C. S. et al. Transplantation of Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by blocking the expression of IL-7. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 22(19), 6436\u20136447 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00572-3","volume":"7","author":"X Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao, X. et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate the repair of spinal cord injury via the miR-29b-3p\/PTEN\/Akt\/mTOR axis. Cell Death Discov. 7(1), 212 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"issue":"9","key":"75754_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.276340","volume":"15","author":"WS Deng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng, W. S. et al. Collagen scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for acute complete spinal cord injury. Neural Regen. Res. 15(9), 1686\u20131700 (2020).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02217-9","volume":"12","author":"D Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong, D. et al. hiPSC-derived NSCs effectively promote the functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in mice. Stem Cell Res. Therapy 12(1), 172 (2021).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"75754_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2244658.329","volume":"19","author":"S Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, S. et al. Advances in neural stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury: Safety, efficacy, and future perspectives. Neurospine 19(4), 946\u2013960 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"key":"75754_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, Z., et al., What is the optimal timing of transplantation of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury? A systematic review and network meta-analysis based on animal studies. Front. Immunol. 13 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.855309"},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5843","volume":"36","author":"AD Levi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levi, A. D. et al. Clinical outcomes from a multi-center study of human neural stem cell transplantation in chronic cervical spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 36(6), 891\u2013902 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"CN_suppl_1","key":"75754_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx242","volume":"64","author":"GM Ghobrial","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghobrial, G. M. et al. Human neural stem cell transplantation in chronic cervical spinal cord injury: Functional outcomes at 12 months in a phase ii clinical trial. Neurosurgery 64(CN_suppl_1), 87\u201391 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2023.09.006","volume":"8","author":"E Mukhametova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mukhametova, E. et al. Consecutive transcutaneous and epidural spinal cord neuromodulation to modify clinical complete paralysis\u2014the proof of concept. Mayo Clin. Proc. Innov. Qual. Outcomes 8(1), 1\u201316 (2024).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc. Innov. Qual. Outcomes"},{"issue":"3699","key":"75754_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","volume":"150","author":"R Melzack","year":"1965","unstructured":"Melzack, R. & Wall, P. D. Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science 150(3699), 971\u2013979 (1965).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"75754_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101040","volume":"38","author":"MM Pinter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pinter, M. M., Gerstenbrand, F. & Dimitrijevic, M. R. Epidural electrical stimulation of posterior structures of the human lumbosacral cord: 3. Control of spasticity. Spinal Cord. 38(9), 524\u2013531 (2000).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"issue":"9","key":"75754_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10091065","volume":"10","author":"K Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi, K. et al. Spinal cord epidural stimulation improves lower spine sitting posture following severe cervical spinal cord injury. Bioengineering 10(9), 1065 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07716-2","volume":"32","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, M. et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes associated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) or conventional medical management (CMM) for chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Spine J. 32(6), 2029\u20132041 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"7845","key":"75754_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03180-w","volume":"590","author":"JW Squair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Squair, J. W. et al. Neuroprosthetic baroreflex controls haemodynamics after spinal cord injury. Nature 590(7845), 308\u2013314 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"75754_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.04.011","volume":"92","author":"JT Hachmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hachmann, J. T. et al. Electrical neuromodulation of the respiratory system after spinal cord injury. Mayo Clin. Proc. 92(9), 1401\u20131414 (2017).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12895","volume":"22","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, Y. J. et al. Effect of early sacral neuromodulation on bladder function in a rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury due to focal contusion. Neuromodulation 22(6), 697\u2013702 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5052","key":"75754_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1553558","volume":"255","author":"BA Reynolds","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reynolds, B. A. & Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255(5052), 1707\u20131710 (1992).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0090","volume":"175","author":"BA Reynolds","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reynolds, B. A. & Weiss, S. Clonal and population analyses demonstrate that an EGF-responsive mammalian embryonic CNS precursor is a stem cell. Dev. Biol. 175(1), 1\u201313 (1996).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"75754_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2d.16.1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470151808.sc02d16s26","volume":"26","author":"JG Weinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weinger, J. G. et al. Intraspinal transplantation of mouse and human neural precursor cells. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 26, 2d.16.1-2d.16.16 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol."},{"key":"75754_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00066","volume":"5","author":"JE Dahlen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dahlen, J. E. et al. Morphological analysis of activity-reduced adult-born neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Front Neurosci. 5, 66 (2011).","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"75754_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.635","volume":"23","author":"DM Basso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Basso, D. M. et al. Basso mouse scale for locomotion detects differences in recovery after spinal cord injury in five common mouse strains. J. Neurotrauma 23(5), 635\u2013659 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"75754_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838786","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.838786","volume":"16","author":"C Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing, C. et al. Correlation analysis between magnetic resonance imaging-based anatomical assessment and behavioral outcome in a rat contusion model of chronic thoracic spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci. 16, 838786 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"75754_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114765","volume":"459","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Coordination function index: A novel indicator for assessing hindlimb locomotor recovery in spinal cord injury rats based on catwalk gait parameters. Behav. Brain Res. 459, 114765 (2024).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"22","key":"75754_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200269","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202200269","volume":"32","author":"M Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, M. et al. Contact separation triboelectric nanogenerator based neural interfacing for effective sciatic nerve restoration. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(22), 2200269 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"D1","key":"75754_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D587","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac963","volume":"51","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. et al. KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 51(D1), D587-d592 (2023).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"75754_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.10","volume":"47","author":"K Fouad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fouad, K. et al. Transplantation and repair: Combined cell implantation and chondroitinase delivery prevents deterioration of bladder function in rats with complete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 47, 727\u2013732 (2009).","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"issue":"31","key":"75754_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12870","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2121-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"IB Wanner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wanner, I. B. et al. Glial scar borders are formed by newly proliferated, elongated astrocytes that interact to corral inflammatory and fibrotic cells via STAT3-dependent mechanisms after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 33(31), 12870\u201312886 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"75754_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4354","volume":"23","author":"M Hara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hara, M. et al. Interaction of reactive astrocytes with type I collagen induces astrocytic scar formation through the integrin-N-cadherin pathway after spinal cord injury. Nat. Med. 23(7), 818\u2013828 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"75754_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720938","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.720938","volume":"15","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Fibrotic scar after spinal cord injury: Crosstalk with other cells, cellular origin, function, and mechanism. Front Cell Neurosci. 15, 720938 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"75754_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.02.009","volume":"68\u201369","author":"DO Dias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dias, D. O. & G\u00f6ritz, C. Fibrotic scarring following lesions to the central nervous system. Matrix Biol. 68\u201369, 561\u2013570 (2018).","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"75754_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955598","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.955598","volume":"16","author":"M Hemati-Gourabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hemati-Gourabi, M. et al. Capacity of astrocytes to promote axon growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system. Front Neurosci. 16, 955598 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"75754_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768711","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.768711","volume":"15","author":"X Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, X. et al. Neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells from different donors on spinal cord injury in mice. Front Cell Neurosci. 15, 768711 (2021).","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"75754_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966866","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.966866","volume":"10","author":"W Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. The roles and applications of neural stem cells in spinal cord injury repair. Front Bioeng. Biotechnol. 10, 966866 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"75754_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montoto-Meijide, R., et al., Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in traumatic spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(14) (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411719"},{"issue":"4","key":"75754_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.220404","volume":"22","author":"G Shroff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shroff, G. & Gupta, R. Human embryonic stem cells in the treatment of patients with spinal cord injury. Ann. Neurosci. 22(4), 208\u2013216 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240802241797","volume":"10","author":"H Deda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deda, H. et al. Treatment of chronic spinal cord injured patients with autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 1-year follow-up. Cytotherapy 10(6), 565\u2013574 (2008).","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"75754_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, G. U., et al., Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(24) (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413672"},{"issue":"6","key":"75754_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772315Y.0000000048","volume":"39","author":"JW Hur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hur, J. W. et al. Intrathecal transplantation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating spinal cord injury: A human trial. J. Spinal Cord. Med. 39(6), 655\u2013664 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"75754_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.274347","volume":"15","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to treat spinal cord injury in the early chronic phase: study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical trial. Neural Regen Res. 15(8), 1532\u20131538 (2020).","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"75754_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4541","volume":"20","author":"P Assinck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assinck, P. et al. Cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury. Nature Neurosci. 20(5), 637\u2013647 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci."},{"key":"75754_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiao, Q., et al., Cell-cell connection enhances proliferation and neuronal differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem\/progenitor cells. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 11 (2017).","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00200"},{"issue":"3","key":"75754_CR51","first-page":"Cd014789","volume":"3","author":"AC Traeger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Traeger, A. C. et al. Spinal cord stimulation for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3(3), Cd014789 (2023).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"75754_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14070650","volume":"14","author":"C Cuellar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cuellar, C. et al. Selective activation of the spinal cord with epidural electrical stimulation. Brain Sci. 14(7), 650 (2024).","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"75754_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01663-5","volume":"28","author":"A Rowald","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rowald, A. et al. Activity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis. Nat. Med. 28(2), 260\u2013271 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15315-2","volume":"12","author":"AN Herrity","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herrity, A. N. et al. Targeting bladder function with network-specific epidural stimulation after chronic spinal cord injury. Sci. Rep. 12(1), 11179 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"75754_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11505","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201911505","volume":"12","author":"JM Griffin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Griffin, J. M. & Bradke, F. Therapeutic repair for spinal cord injury: combinatory approaches to address a multifaceted problem. EMBO Mol. Med. 12(3), e11505 (2020).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"75754_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2601-36","volume":"26","author":"A McIntyre","year":"2020","unstructured":"McIntyre, A. et al. A scoping review of self-management interventions following spinal cord injury. Top. Spinal Cord. Inj. Rehabil. 26(1), 36\u201363 (2020).","journal-title":"Top. Spinal Cord. Inj. Rehabil."},{"key":"75754_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118958","volume":"267","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. HUCMSCs transplantation combined with ultrashort wave therapy attenuates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury through NUR77\/NF-\u03baB pathway. Life Sci. 267, 118958 (2021).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"75754_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.12.032","volume":"83","author":"T F\u00fchrmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"F\u00fchrmann, T. et al. Injectable hydrogel promotes early survival of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes and attenuates longterm teratoma formation in a spinal cord injury model. Biomaterials 83, 23\u201336 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"75754_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0471","volume":"22","author":"I Elliott Donaghue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elliott Donaghue, I., Tator, C. H. & Shoichet, M. S. Local delivery of neurotrophin-3 and anti-NogoA promotes repair after spinal cord injury. Tissue Eng. Part A 22(9\u201310), 733\u2013741 (2016).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"issue":"3","key":"75754_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-022-00349-4","volume":"10","author":"KR Schultz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schultz, K. R., Mona, L. R. & Cameron, R. P. Mental health and spinal cord injury: Clinical considerations for rehabilitation providers. Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep. 10(3), 131\u2013139 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-75754-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-75754-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-75754-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,2]],"date-time":"2024-11-02T07:03:55Z","timestamp":1730531035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-75754-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["75754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-75754-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Approval was granted by the Health Science Center of XJTU, all procedures in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH) and the Guidelines of the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Health Science Center of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University. (Exploring the Efficacy of Integrated Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: The Promise of Combining Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells\/Neural Stem Cells Transplantation with Epidural Electrical Stimulation, XJTULAE2023-1950, 1-2-2023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors confirm their consent for publication. The authors declare that artificial intelligence is not used in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"26090"}}