{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:42:01Z","timestamp":1768876921367,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Science and Development, Leader XIII Program","award":["0093\/L-13\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0093\/L-13\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76745-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T14:02:32Z","timestamp":1729864952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Outer membrane protein C is a protective and unique vaccine antigen against Shigella flexneri 3a"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Jarz\u0105b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"D\u0105browska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Naporowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Krasna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szmyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"\u015awiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Witkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund","family":"Ziomek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Gamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"76745_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mason, L. C. E. et al. The evolution and international spread of extensively drug resistant Shigella sonnei. Nat. Commun. 14(1) (1983). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37672-w (Erratum in: Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):2302).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37672-w"},{"issue":"11","key":"76745_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4","volume":"18","author":"IA Khalil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khalil, I. A. et al. Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the global burden of Disease Study 1990\u20132016. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18(11), 1229\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30475-4 (2018) (Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"76745_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00906-1","volume":"21","author":"S Baker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baker, S. & Scott, T. A. Antimicrobial-resistant Shigella: where do we go next? Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21(7), 409\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-023-00906-1 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"76745_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e361","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000361","volume":"2","author":"F Nato","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nato, F. et al. Dipstick for rapid diagnosis of Shigella flexneri 2a in stool. PLoS One 2(4), e361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0000361 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"76745_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091376","volume":"10","author":"CA MacLennan","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacLennan, C. A., Grow, S., Ma, L. F. & Steele, A. D. The Shigella vaccines Pipeline. Vaccines (Basel). 10 (9), 1376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091376 (2022).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"76745_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2023.100368","volume":"15","author":"JA Fleming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fleming, J. A. et al. Exploring Shigella vaccine priorities and preferences: results from a mixed-methods study in low- and middle-income settings. Vaccine X. 15, 100368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvacx.2023.100368 (2023).","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"issue":"3","key":"76745_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1034-1039.2000","volume":"68","author":"KL Kotloff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kotloff, K. L. et al. Shigella flexneri 2a strain CVD 1207, with specific deletions in virG, Sen, set, and guaBA, is highly attenuated in humans. Infect. Immun. 68(3), 1034\u20131039 (2000).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"7","key":"76745_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22663","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022663","volume":"6","author":"D Pore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pore, D., Mahata, N., Pal, A. & Chakrabarti, M. K. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Shigella flexneri 2a, induces protective immune response in a mouse model. PLoS One 6(7), e22663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0022663 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"76745_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03988-0","volume":"12","author":"K Jalal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jalal, K. et al. Identification of vaccine and drug targets in Shigella dysenteriae sd197 using reverse vaccinology approach. Sci. Rep. 12(1), 251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03988-0 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"76745_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Witkowska, D. et al. Enterobacterial 38-kDa outer membrane protein is an age-dependent molecular marker of innate immunity and immunoglobulin deficiency as results from its reactivity with IgG and IgA antibody. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 48(2), 205\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00137.x (2006).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00137.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"76745_CR11","first-page":"39","volume":"1","author":"A Jarzab","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jarzab, A., Witkowska, D., Szostko, B., Hirnle, L. & Gamian, A. Potential carrier or antigen for conjugate vaccine: OMP-38 from Sh. Flexneri 3a \u2013 isolation and purification strategies. Sepsis 1(4), 39\u201345 (2011).","journal-title":"Sepsis"},{"issue":"3","key":"76745_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-021-10201-3","volume":"27","author":"M Anwar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anwar, M. et al. Outer membrane protein-coated nanoparticles as antibacterial vaccine candidates. Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther. 27(3), 1689\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10989-021-10201-3 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"76745_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010468","volume":"24","author":"M Jelokhani-Niaraki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jelokhani-Niaraki, M. Membrane proteins: structure, function and motion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(1), 468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010468 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"76745_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.12.004","volume":"128","author":"A Jungbauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jungbauer, A. & Kaar, W. Current status of technical protein refolding. J. Biotechnol. 128(3), 587\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.12.004 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"76745_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bowie, J. U. Solving the membrane protein folding problem. Nature 438(7068), 581\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04395 (2005).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04395"},{"issue":"7873","key":"76745_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","volume":"596","author":"J Jumper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jumper, J. et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature 596(7873), 583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"76745_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Basl\u00e9, A., Rummel, G., Storici, P., Rosenbusch, J. P. & Schirmer, T. Crystal structure of osmoporin OmpC from E. coli at 2.0 A. J. Mol. Biol. 362(5), 933\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.08.002 (2006).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.08.002"},{"key":"76745_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lorber, B., Fischer, F., Bailly, M., Roy, H. & Kern, D. Protein analysis by dynamic light scattering: methods and techniques for students. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 40(6), 372\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmb.20644 (2012).","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.20644"},{"key":"76745_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt278","author":"C Wiedemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiedemann, C., Bellstedt, P. & G\u00f6rlach, M. CAPITO\u2014a web server-based analysis and plotting tool for circular dichroism data. Bioinformatics 29(14):1750\u20131757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt278. (2013)."},{"issue":"8","key":"76745_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70539","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070539","volume":"8","author":"A Jarz\u0105b","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jarz\u0105b, A. et al. Shigella flexneri 3a outer membrane protein C epitope is recognized by human umbilical cord sera and associated with protective activity. PLoS One 8(8), e70539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0070539 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"76745_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30488-6","volume":"21","author":"D Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen, D. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic carbohydrate conjugate vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2a in healthy adult volunteers: a phase 1, dose-escalating, single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 21(4), 546\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30488-6 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"76745_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101076","volume":"39","author":"RW Frenck Jr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frenck, R. W. Jr et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the Shigella sonnei 1790GAHB GMMA candidate vaccine: results from a phase 2b randomized, placebo-controlled challenge study in adults. EClinicalMedicine 39, 101076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101076 (2021).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"76745_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00797-6","volume":"9","author":"G Desalegn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Desalegn, G. et al. Shigella virulence protein VirG is a broadly protective antigen and vaccine candidate. NPJ Vaccines 9(1), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41541-023-00797-6 (2024).","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"issue":"6","key":"76745_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.035","volume":"29","author":"KM Rahman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rahman, K. M. et al. Safety, dose, immunogenicity, and transmissibility of an oral live attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate (SC602) among healthy adults and school children in Matlab. Bangl. Vaccine 29(6), 1347\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.035 (2011).","journal-title":"Bangl. Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"76745_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040548","volume":"10","author":"KR Turbyfill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turbyfill, K. R., Clarkson, K. A., Oaks, E. V. & Kaminski, R. W. From concept to clinical product: a brief history of the novel Shigella Invaplex vaccine\u2019s refinement and evolution. Vaccines (Basel) 10(4), 548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10040548 (2022).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"76745_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jarz\u0105b, A. et al. Cyclic OmpC peptidic epitope conjugated to tetanus toxoid as a potential vaccine candidate against shigellosis. Vaccine 36(31), 4641\u20134649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.06.037 (2018).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.06.037"},{"issue":"1","key":"76745_CR27","first-page":"E1","volume":"58","author":"D Amicizia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amicizia, D., Arata, L., Zangrillo, F., Panatto, D. & Gasparini, R. Overview of the impact of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Utility of Ty21a vaccine (Vivotif\u00ae). J. Prev. Med. Hyg. 58(1), E1\u2013E8 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"5","key":"76745_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037384","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2037384","volume":"18","author":"E Jamshidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jamshidi, E. et al. Longevity of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of the currently approved vaccines. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 18(5), 2037384 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"76745_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arcidiacono, S., Butler, M. M. & Mello, C. M. A rapid selective extraction procedure for the outer membrane protein (OmpF) from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr. Purif.  25(1), 134\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/prep.2002.1619 (2002).","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.2002.1619"},{"key":"76745_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem.  193(1), 265\u2013275 (1951).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"76745_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laemmli, U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature  227(5259), 680\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/227680a0 (1970).","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"76745_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pettersen, E. F. et al. UCSF Chimera\u2013a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J. Comput. Chem. 25(13), 1605\u20131612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.20084 (2004).","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084"},{"issue":"6","key":"76745_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.202","volume":"1","author":"NJ Greenfield","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greenfield, N. J. Using circular dichroism spectra to estimate protein secondary structure. Nat. Protoc. 1(6), 2876\u20132890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2006.202 (2006)","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"76745_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sreerama, N. & Woody, R. W. Estimation of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra: comparison of CONTIN, SELCON, and CDSSTR methods with an expanded reference set. Anal. Biochem.  287(2), 252\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/abio.2000.4880 (2000).","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4880"},{"key":"76745_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sreerama, N. & Woody, R. W. A self-consistent method for the analysis of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism. Anal. Biochem. 209(1), 32\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/abio.1993.1079 (1993).","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1079"},{"issue":"3","key":"76745_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0134(19990515)35:3<307::AID-PROT4>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"35","author":"WC Johnson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnson, W. C. Analyzing protein circular dichroism spectra for accurate secondary structures. Proteins 35(3), 307\u2013312 (1999).","journal-title":"Proteins"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-76745-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-76745-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-76745-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T14:06:10Z","timestamp":1729865170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-76745-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["76745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-76745-8","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25398"}}