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In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed a single eye of 309 healthy individuals from 20 to 70\u2009+\u2009years, and quantified spatial topography of total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA) and CVI (LA: TCA) in cluster and standard retinal templates using a semi-automated approach. CVI was found to be greatest in the central vs. periphery (CVI<jats:sub>central<\/jats:sub> 67.08% [66.85\u201367.73] vs. CVI<jats:sub>periphery<\/jats:sub>65.68% [65.32\u201366.01], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). In this study, CVI also showed no significant change with age or physiological factors. Area parameters demonstrated greater magnitude in the central versus periphery but with a superior bias: TCA<jats:sub>superior<\/jats:sub> 0.227mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> [0.223\u20130.233] vs. TCA<jats:sub>inferior<\/jats:sub> 0.207mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> [0.201\u20130.213], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01.They also showed a linear decline with age (TCA:-0.00112 to -0.00169 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/year; LA: -0.00074 to -0.00112 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/year; SA: -0.00039 to -0.00056 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/year, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), with a higher rate of decline inferiorly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This study demonstrates that CVI exhibits specific spatial differences across macula, independent of age. It further establishes a comprehensive, normative database of CVI and other choroidal angioarchitecture metrics which is a valuable resource for distinguishing pathological changes from normal age-related variations in future assessments of choroid-involving diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76844-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T08:03:24Z","timestamp":1730707404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Age related grid-wise spatial analysis of choroidal parameters in well characterised healthy population"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupesh","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Nivison-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"76844_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.066","volume":"120","author":"LA Branchini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Branchini, L. 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