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As IGF-1 increases local brain hemoglobin beta (Hbb) transcripts, we hypothesized that exercise could have similar effects. Mice were single-housed with free access to running wheels for seven days. After sacrifice and saline perfusion, the expression of 13 genes was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in three brain regions: the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, and hippocampus. In addition, plasma insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), C-peptide, and IGF-1 were investigated. We show that hemoglobin-related transcripts (Hbb and 5\u2019-aminolevulinate synthase 2 [Alas2]) increased 46\u201363% in the running group, while IGF-1-related genes [Igf1 \/ growth hormone receptor (Ghr)] decreased slightly (7%). There were also moderate to large correlations between Hbb- and IGF-1-related genes in the running group but not in the sedentary group. HOMA-IR, plasma glucose, and insulin changed marginally and non-significantly, but there was a trend toward an increase in plasma-IGF-1 in the running group. In conclusion, seven days of running increased Hbb-related transcripts in three brain regions. Hbb-related transcripts correlated with components of the brain IGF-1 system only in the running group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77489-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T06:02:14Z","timestamp":1729922534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Running in mice increases the expression of brain hemoglobin-related genes interacting with the GH\/IGF-1 system"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Walser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Motalleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rgen","family":"Isgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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