{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:49:23Z","timestamp":1788482963329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77732-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T13:57:55Z","timestamp":1731592675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of long term astaxanthin supplementation on the antioxidant status of racing Arabian horses \u2013 preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Beata","family":"Giercuszkiewicz-Hecold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Kulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Czopowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Wilczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Szarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Strzelec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Grzeczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Graczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Hryniszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malwina","family":"Mularczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Marycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cywi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"77732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607111434963","volume":"36","author":"JC Preiser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Preiser, J. C. Oxidative stress. J. Parent. Ent Nutr. 36, 147\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607111434963 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Parent. Ent Nutr."},{"key":"77732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272255","volume":"594","author":"SK Powers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Powers, S. K. & Hogan, M. C. Exercise and oxidative stress. J. Physiol. 594, 5079\u20135080 (2016). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5023702\/","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"77732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9988","volume":"94","author":"CA Williams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Williams, C. A. The effect of oxidative stress during exercise in the horse. J. Anim. Sci. 94, 4067\u20134075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2015-9988 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001","volume":"9","author":"SK Powers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Powers, S. K. et al. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? J. Sport Health Sci. 9, 415\u2013425 (2020). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7498668\/","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1540-y","volume":"14","author":"NB Bottegaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bottegaro, N. B. et al. Effect of prolonged submaximal exercise on serum oxidative stress biomarkers (d-ROMs, MDA, BAP) and oxidative stress index in endurance horses. BMC Vet. Res. 14, 216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-018-1540-y (2018). https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"77732_CR6","first-page":"217","volume":"17","author":"A Frankiewicz-J\u00f3\u017ako","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frankiewicz-J\u00f3\u017ako, A. & Szarska, E. Anti-oxidant level to exercise in the blood of endurance horses. Biol. Sport 17, 217\u2013227 (2000).","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"key":"77732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1622S","volume":"132","author":"DJ Marlin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marlin, D. J. et al. Changes in circulatory antioxidant status in horses during prolonged exercise. J. Nutr. 132, 1622S\u20131627S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1622S (2002).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"77732_CR8","first-page":"12","volume":"63","author":"G Piccione","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piccione, G., Fazio, F. & Giudice, E. Oxidative stress in standardbred horses during official races of 1600 and 2000 meters. Med. Weter 63, 12 (2007). http:\/\/www.medycynawet.edu.pl\/images\/stories\/pdf\/pdf2007\/122007\/200712s15541557.pdf","journal-title":"Med. Weter"},{"key":"77732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.04.007","volume":"78","author":"S Mami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mami, S., Khaje, G., Shahriari, A. & Gooraninejad, S. Evaluation of biological indicators of fatigue and muscle damage in Arabian horses after race. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 78, 74\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.04.007 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061176","volume":"11","author":"F Arfuso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arfuso, F. et al. Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters\u2019 Assessment Together with Homocysteine and Muscle Enzymes in Racehorses: Evaluation of Positive Effects of Exercise. Antioxid. (Basel) 11, 1176 (2022). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/6\/1176","journal-title":"Antioxid. (Basel)"},{"key":"77732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/s0305-0491(98)10001-9","volume":"119","author":"E Chiaradia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chiaradia, E. et al. Physical exercise, oxidative stress and muscle damage in racehorses. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part. B 119, 833\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0305-0491(98)10001-9 (1998).","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part. B"},{"key":"77732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.07.019","volume":"47","author":"DN Smarsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smarsh, D. N. & Williams, C. A. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in standardbreds: Effect of age and acute exercise before and after training. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 47, 92\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2016.07.019 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/md18090459","volume":"18","author":"M Mularczyk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mularczyk, M., Michalak, I. & Marycz, K. Astaxanthin and Other Nutrients from Haematococcus Pluvialis\u2014Multifunctional Applications. Mar. Drugs  18, 459 (2020). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/18\/9\/459","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"77732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budriesi, R. et al. Chemical Features and Biological Effects of Astaxanthin Extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow: Focus on Gastrointestinal System. Biol. Life Sci. Forum. 12, 31 (2022). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-9976\/12\/1\/31","DOI":"10.3390\/IECN2022-12376"},{"key":"77732_CR15","first-page":"1003","volume":"1","author":"Y Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Kim, B., Lee, J. Y. Astaxanthin structure metabolism, and health benefits. J. Hum. Nutr. Food Sci. 1, 1003 (2013). https:\/\/www.jscimedcentral.com\/public\/assets\/articles\/nutrition-1-1003.pdf","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199163010141","volume":"6","author":"W Miki","year":"1991","unstructured":"Miki, W. Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure Appl. Chem. 6, 141\u2013146 (1991). https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1351\/pac199163010141\/html","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"77732_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, M. X. & Xiong, F. Astaxanthin and its effects in inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases: Recent advances and future directions. Molecules 25, 5342 (2020). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/25\/22\/5342","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225342"},{"key":"77732_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.3390\/md13074310","volume":"13","author":"L Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, L. & Wang, H. Multiple Mechanisms of anti-cancer effects exerted by astaxanthin. Mar. Drugs  13, 4310\u20134330 (2015). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-3397\/13\/7\/4310","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"77732_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100252","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100252","volume":"65","author":"V Gowd","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gowd, V., Xiao, J., Wang, M., Chen, F. & Cheng, K. Multi-mechanistic antidiabetic potential of astaxanthin: An update on preclinical and clinical evidence. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 65, 2100252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.202100252 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"77732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2017.00076","volume":"4","author":"DR Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown, D. R., Gough, L. A., Deb, S. K., Sparks, S. A. & McNaughton, L. R. Astaxanthin in exercise metabolism, performance and recovery: A review. Front. Nutr. 4, 76 (2017). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5778137\/","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"77732_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawamura, T. & Muraoka, I. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidant intake from a physiological viewpoint. Antioxidants (Basel)  7, 119 (2018). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/7\/9\/119","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7090119"},{"key":"77732_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e413","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004408","volume":"37","author":"HS Waldman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waldman, H. S., Bryant, A. R., Parten, A. L., Grozier, C. D. & McAllister, M. J. Astaxanthin supplementation does not affect markers of muscle damage or inflammation after an exercise-induced muscle damage protocol in resistance-trained males. J. Strength. Cond Res. 37, e413\u2013e421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004408 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond Res."},{"key":"77732_CR23","unstructured":"EFSA Safety of astaxanthin for its use as a novel food in food supplements. EFSA J. 18, 5993 (2020). https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/5993"},{"key":"77732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Safety of Schizochytrium sp. oil as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015\/2283. EFSA J. 18, 6242 (2020). https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/6242","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2020.6242"},{"key":"77732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahab, N. R. A., Affandi, M. M. R., Fakurazi, S., Alias, E. & Hassan, H. Nanocarrier system: State-of-the-art in oral delivery of astaxanthin. Antioxidants (Basel)  11, 1676 (2022). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/9\/1676","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091676"},{"key":"77732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barbe, F., Sacy, A., Bonhommet, P. & Chevaux, E. Effect of antioxidant supplementation to horses on muscle integrity and resistance to training. EAAP \u2013 65th Annual Meeting, Copenhagen 2014,  186 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3920\/9789086867998_225","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086867998_225"},{"key":"77732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2003.12.012","volume":"169","author":"B De Moffarts","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Moffarts, B., Kirschvink, N., Art, T., Pincemail, J. & Lekeux, P. Effect of oral antioxidant supplementation on blood antioxidant status in trained thoroughbred horses. Vet. J. 169, 65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2003.12.012 (2005).","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"77732_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1590\/s1519-99402018000100003","volume":"19","author":"Y Lacerda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lacerda, Y., Nascimento, A., Alves, F. R. & Reghim, L. S. Physical preparation and antioxidant supplementation for endurance racehorses. Revista Brasileira de Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Anim. 19, 23\u201331 (2018). https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/rbspa\/a\/7LcHRMzQbzJNznCPbCpNHKC\/","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Sa\u00fade e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Anim."},{"key":"77732_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nemec Svete, A., Vovk, T., Bohar Topolovec, M. & Kruljc, P. Effects of Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Oxidative stress parameters in untrained leisure horses subjected to acute moderate exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 10, 908 (2021). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/10\/6\/908","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060908"},{"key":"77732_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104200","volume":"121","author":"E Kent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kent, E. et al. Comparison of an antioxidant source and antioxidant plus BCAA on athletic performance and post exercise recovery of horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 121, 104200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104200 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03584-6","volume":"19","author":"AS Adah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adah, A. S., Ayo, J. O., Adah, D. A., Nwonuma, C. O. & Lawal, T. A. Molecular docking and experimental validation of the effect of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 following endurance exercise by Arabian stallions. BMC Vet. Res. 19, 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-023-03584-6 (2023). https:\/\/bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"77732_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2015.08.003","volume":"35","author":"F Sato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sato, F. et al. Effects of daily astaxanthin and L-carnitine supplementation for exercise-induced muscle damage in training thoroughbred horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 35, 836\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2015.08.003 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR33","unstructured":"Hinchcliff, K. W., Kaneps, A. J. & Geor, J. R. Basic and clinical sciences of the equine athlete In: Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences (2014)."},{"key":"77732_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mularczyk, M., Bourebaba, N., Marycz, K. & Bourebaba, L. Astaxanthin carotenoid modulates oxidative stress in adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from equine metabolic syndrome affected horses by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis. Biomolecules  27, 1039 (2022). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/12\/8\/1039","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12081039"},{"key":"77732_CR35","unstructured":"https:\/\/astaxanthin.net\/pages\/horse.html, Access 5 Oct 2023."},{"key":"77732_CR36","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/vet\/fullbucket-equine-medical-muscle.html access 5.10.2023."},{"key":"77732_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.09.041","volume":"80","author":"G Hussein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hussein, G. et al. Astaxanthin ameliorates features of metabolic syndrome in SHR\/NDmcr-Cp. Life Sci. 80, 522\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.09.041 (2007).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.079","volume":"28","author":"AS Shatoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shatoor, A. S. & Al Humayed, S. Astaxanthin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced cardiac damage and fibrosis by upregulating and activating SIRT1. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 28, 7012\u20137021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.07.079 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-7-52","volume":"7","author":"JS Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park, J. S. et al. Astaxanthin uptake in domestic dogs and cats. Nutr. Metabol (Lond) 7, 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-7075-7-52 (2010). https:\/\/nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/","journal-title":"Nutr. Metabol (Lond)"},{"key":"77732_CR40","first-page":"29","volume":"10","author":"T Murai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murai, T. et al. Effects of astaxanthin supplementation in healthy and obese dogs. Vet. Med. (Auckl) 10, 29\u201335 (2019). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6385744\/","journal-title":"Vet. Med. (Auckl)"},{"key":"77732_CR41","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.rossdales.com\/laboratories\/tests-and-diseases\/creatinine-kinase-ck, Access 5 Oct 2023."},{"key":"77732_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skac086","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac086","volume":"100","author":"EC Ott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ott, E. C. et al. Oxidative stress biomarkers and free amino acid concentrations in the blood plasma of moderately exercised horses indicate adaptive response to prolonged exercise training. J. Anim. Sci. 100, skac086 (2022). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9030216\/","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"77732_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4783","volume":"47","author":"CPM Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira, C. P. M., Souza, A. C. R., Vasconcelos, A. R., Prado, P. S. & Name, J. J. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms of action of astaxanthin in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 47, 37\u201348 (2021). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7723678\/","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"77732_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000342","volume":"8","author":"H Miyazaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miyazaki, H. et al. Strenuous endurance training in humans reduces oxidative stress following exhausting exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 8, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210000342 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"77732_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-5918-8-1","volume":"8","author":"K Fisher-Wellman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fisher-Wellman, K. & Bloomer, R. J. Acute exercise and oxidative stress: a 30 year history. Dyn. Med. 8, 1 (2009). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2642810\/","journal-title":"Dyn. Med."},{"key":"77732_CR46","first-page":"159","volume":"12","author":"JAD De Leon","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Leon, J. A. D. & Borges, C. R. Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. J. Vis. Exp. 12, 159. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9617585\/ (2020).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"77732_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1580286","volume":"47","author":"M Hormozi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hormozi, M., Ghoreishi, S. & Baharvand, P. Astaxanthin induces apoptosis and increases activity of antioxidant enzymes in LS-180 cells. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 47, 891\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21691401.2019.1580286 (2019).","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"77732_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. High-dose astaxanthin supplementation suppresses antioxidant enzyme activity during moderate-intensity swimming training in mice. Nutrients  11, 1244 (2019). https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/11\/6\/1244","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061244"},{"key":"77732_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001","volume":"15","author":"MC Gomez-Cabrera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., Domenech, E. & Vi\u00f1a, J. Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: Upregulation of antioxidant genes by training. Free Radic Biol. Med. 15, 126\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001 (2008).","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol. Med."},{"key":"77732_CR50","unstructured":"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32010L0063"},{"key":"77732_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. & Yagi, K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95, 351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3 (1979).","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77732-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77732-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77732-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T14:03:48Z","timestamp":1731593028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77732-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["77732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77732-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All the procedures of blood sampling were performed as part of routine health examination and exercise test and thus, according to the European directive EU\/2010\/63 and Polish regulations regarding experiments in animal there was no need for the approval of Ethics Committee for the described procedures, qualified as non-experimental clinical veterinary practices, excluded from the directive. The trainer granted a written informed consent for the use of blood for scientific analyses. The authors complied with the ARRIVE guidelines ().","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"27991"}}