{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T03:58:49Z","timestamp":1780113529144,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004697","name":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9812209686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9812209686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004697","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77757-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T14:02:13Z","timestamp":1730296933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood culture-negative endocarditis caused by Bartonella quintana in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1166-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Azimzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4577-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Yousef","family":"Alikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8450-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Sazmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kianoush","family":"Saberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6659-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8708-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monireh","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Haddadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2050-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Safarpoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-8677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Nourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9661-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Beikpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4338-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9600-0416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Chomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"77757_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubers, S.A., DeSimone, D.C., Gersh, B.J., Anavekar, N.S. editors. Infective Endocarditis: A Contemporary Review. Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Elsevier, 2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.12.008"},{"key":"77757_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.066","volume":"69","author":"TJ Cahill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cahill, T. J. et al. Challenges in infective endocarditis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 69, 325\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.066 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"77757_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1086\/313753","volume":"30","author":"JS Li","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li, J. S. et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 633\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/313753 (2000).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac307","volume":"43","author":"WK Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong, W. K. et al. Outcomes of culture-negative vs. culture-positive infective endocarditis: the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO registry. Eur. Heart J. 43, 2770\u20132780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac307 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"77757_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2020-0193","volume":"15","author":"A Salsano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salsano, A. et al. Culture-negative infective endocarditis (CNIE): impact on postoperative mortality. Open Med. 15, 571\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2020-0193 (2020).","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"77757_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7923874","author":"D Maneg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maneg, D. et al. Advantages and limitations of direct PCR amplification of bacterial 16S-rDNA from resected heart tissue or swabs followed by direct sequencing for diagnosing infective endocarditis: a retrospective analysis in the routine clinical setting. BioMed Res. Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7923874 (2016).","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"77757_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1171-1176.2005","volume":"43","author":"RG Maggi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maggi, R. G. & Breitschwerdt, E. B. Potential limitations of the 16S\u201323S rRNA intergenic region for molecular detection of Bartonella species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 1171\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1171-1176.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.12.4.518","volume":"12","author":"M Maurin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maurin, M. & Raoult, D. F. Q fever. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12, 518\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.12.4.518 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"77757_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.008","volume":"61","author":"J Dreier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dreier, J. et al. Culture-negative infectious endocarditis caused by Bartonella spp.: 2 case reports and a review of the literature. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 61, 476\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.008 (2008).","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.2.226","volume":"163","author":"D Raoult","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raoult, D. et al. Outcome and treatment of Bartonella endocarditis. Arch. Internal Med. 163, 226\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.163.2.226 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch. Internal Med."},{"key":"77757_CR11","first-page":"80","volume":"2","author":"K Oskouizadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oskouizadeh, K., Zahraei-Salehi, T. & Aledavood, S. Detection of Bartonella henselae in domestic cats\u2019 saliva. Iran. J. Microbiol. 2, 80\u201384 (2010).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.06621-11","volume":"50","author":"MH Diaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diaz, M. H., Bai, Y., Malania, L., Winchell, J. M. & Kosoy, M. Y. Development of a novel genus-specific real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bartonella species and genotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50, 1645\u20131649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.06621-11 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050931","volume":"12","author":"BB Chomel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chomel, B. B., Boulouis, H.-J., Maruyama, S. & Breitschwerdt, E. B. Bartonella spp. in pets and effect on human health. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 389\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1203.050931 (2006).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07376.x","volume":"990","author":"BB Chomel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chomel, B. B., Kasten, R. W., Sykes, J. E., Boulouis, H. J. & Breitschwerdt, E. B. Clinical impact of persistent Bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 990, 267\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07376.x (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"77757_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04679.x","volume":"109","author":"B Chomel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chomel, B. & Kasten, R. Bartonellosis, an increasingly recognized zoonosis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 109, 743\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04679.x (2010).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0345","volume":"101","author":"G Greco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greco, G. et al. High prevalence of Bartonella sp. in dogs from Hamadan, Iran. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 101, 749\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0345 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"77757_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.22055\/ivj.2022.325115.2436","volume":"19","author":"Z Shamshiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shamshiri, Z., Goudarztalejerdi, A., Zolhavarieh, S. M., Kamalpour, M. & Sazmand, A. Molecular Identification of Bartonella species in dogs and arthropod vectors in Hamedan and Kermanshah, Iran. Iran. Vet. J. 19, 104\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22055\/ivj.2022.325115.2436 (2023).","journal-title":"Iran. Vet. J."},{"key":"77757_CR18","unstructured":"Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, R., Vahedi, S.M., Ashrafi, I., Alipour, F., Sharafi, G., Akbarein, H. & Aldavood, S.J. Molecular identification and phylogenic analysis of Bartonella henselae isolated from Iranian cats based on gltA gene. Vet. Res. Forum. 7, 69\u201372 (2016)."},{"key":"77757_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.015248-0","volume":"59","author":"MJ Vermeulen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vermeulen, M. J., Verbakel, H., Notermans, D. W., Reimerink, J. & Peeters, M. F. Evaluation of sensitivity, specificity and cross-reactivity in Bartonella henselae serology. J. Med. Microbiol. 59, 743\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.015248-0 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985813505114","volume":"51","author":"N Cheville","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheville, N. & Stasko, J. Techniques in electron microscopy of animal tissue. Vet. Pathol. 51, 28\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300985813505114 (2014).","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"77757_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009765","volume":"5","author":"M Arvand","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arvand, M., Raoult, D. & Feil, E. J. Multi-locus sequence typing of a geographically and temporally diverse sample of the highly clonal human pathogen Bartonella quintana. PLoS One. 5, e9765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009765 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS one."},{"key":"77757_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017001263","volume":"145","author":"M Kosoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kosoy, M., McKee, C., Albayrak, L. & Fofanov, Y. Genotyping of Bartonella bacteria and their animal hosts: current status and perspectives. Parasitology. 145, 543\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182017001263 (2018).","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"77757_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00143-4","volume":"11","author":"B La Scola","year":"2003","unstructured":"La Scola, B., Zeaiter, Z., Khamis, A. & Raoult, D. Gene-sequence-based criteria for species definition in bacteriology: the Bartonella paradigm. Trends Microbiol. 11, 318\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00143-4 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043621","author":"N Azzag","year":"2012","unstructured":"Azzag, N. et al. Population structure of Bartonella henselae in Algerian urban stray cats. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0043621 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"77757_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dagur, P.K., McCoy Jr, J.P. Collection, storage, and preparation of human blood cells. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 73, 5.1.\u20135.1.16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471142956.cy0501s73 (2015).","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142956.cy0501s73"},{"key":"77757_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-17","volume":"30","author":"U Okaro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okaro, U., Addisu, A., Casanas, B. & Anderson, B. Bartonella species, an emerging cause of blood-culture-negative endocarditis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 30, 709\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00013-17 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"77757_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad706","volume":"78","author":"C Boodman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boodman, C., Gupta, N., Nelson, C. A. & van Griensven, J. Bartonella quintana endocarditis: a systematic review of individual cases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 78, 554\u2013561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad706 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boodman, C., Fongwen, N., Pecoraro, A.J., Mihret, A., Abayneh, H., Fournier, P.-E., Gupta, N., van Griensven, J., editors. Hidden Burden of Bartonella quintana on the African Continent: Should the Bacterial Infection be Considered a Neglected Tropical Disease? Open Forum Infectious Diseases (Oxford University Press, 2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad672"},{"key":"77757_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901213400303","volume":"340","author":"P Brouqui","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brouqui, P., Lascola, B., Roux, V. & Raoult, D. Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 184\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199901213400303 (1999).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"77757_CR30","unstructured":"Kostrzewski, J. The epidemiology of trench fever. Bull. Int. Acad. Pol. Sci. Let. Cl. Med. 7, 233\u2013263 (1949)."},{"key":"77757_CR31","volume-title":"Recommendations for the Adoption of Additional Diseases as Neglected Tropical Disease","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Recommendations for the Adoption of Additional Diseases as Neglected Tropical Diseases (WHO, 2017)."},{"key":"77757_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00054.x","volume":"47","author":"P Brouqui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brouqui, P. & Raoult, D. New insight into the diagnosis of fastidious bacterial endocarditis. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 47, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00054.x (2006).","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.02.001","volume":"8","author":"M Tariq","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tariq, M., Alam, M., Munir, G., Khan, M. A. & Smego, R. A. Jr. Infective endocarditis: a five-year experience at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 8, 163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.02.001 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040668","volume":"11","author":"A Benslimani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benslimani, A., Fenollar, F., Lepidi, H. & Raoult, D. Bacterial zoonoses and infective endocarditis, Algeria. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11, 216\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1102.040668 (2005).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg028","volume":"96","author":"C Koegelenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koegelenberg, C., Doubell, A., Orth, H. & Reuter, H. Infective endocarditis in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A three-year prospective study. QJM. 96, 217\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg028 (2003).","journal-title":"QJM."},{"key":"77757_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.503","volume":"72","author":"A Znazen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Znazen, A. et al. High prevalence of Bartonella quintana endocarditis in Sfax, Tunisia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72, 503\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.503 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"77757_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812001185","volume":"141","author":"G Chaloner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaloner, G., Harrison, T. & Birtles, R. Bartonella species as a cause of infective endocarditis in the UK. Epidemiol. Infect. 141, 841\u2013846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268812001185 (2013).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"77757_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050561","volume":"11","author":"L Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez, L. et al. Bartonella endocarditis in Spain: case reports of 21 cases. Pathogens. 11, 561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens11050561 (2022).","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"77757_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/mca-139468","author":"S Aghamohammad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aghamohammad, S. et al. Fastidious bacterial pathogens in replaced heart valves: the first report of Bartonella quintana and Legionella steeli in blood culture-negative endocarditis from Iran. Multidiscip. Cardiovasc. Ann. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/mca-139468 (2023).","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Cardiovasc. Ann."},{"key":"77757_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.9.2270-2274.1996","volume":"34","author":"B La Scola","year":"1996","unstructured":"La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Coxiella burnetii. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2270\u20132274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.34.9.2270-2274.1996 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800006","volume":"100","author":"PS da Goncalves Costa","year":"2005","unstructured":"da Goncalves Costa, P. S., Brigatte, M. E. & Greco, D. B. Antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia typhi, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis among healthy population in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 100, 853\u2013859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0074-02762005000800006 (2005).","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"77757_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.4.486-490.1998","volume":"5","author":"A Sander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sander, A., Posselt, M., Oberle, K. & Bredt, W. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae in patients with cat scratch disease and in healthy controls: evaluation and comparison of two commercial serological tests. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5, 486\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CDLI.5.4.486-490.1998 (1998).","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"77757_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000666","volume":"34","author":"A Magnolato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magnolato, A. et al. Three cases of Bartonella quintana infection in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 34, 540\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000666 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"77757_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5915","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.66.12.5915-5920.1998","volume":"66","author":"SL McGill","year":"1998","unstructured":"McGill, S. L., Regnery, R. L. & Karem, K. L. Characterization of human immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype and IgG subclass response to Bartonella henselae infection. Infect. Immunity. 66, 5915\u20135920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.66.12.5915-5920.1998 (1998).","journal-title":"Infect. Immunity."},{"key":"77757_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.021","volume":"31","author":"F Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding, F. et al. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of Bartonella infective endocarditis: an 8-year single-centre experience in the United States. Heart Lung Circ. 31, 350\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2021.07.021 (2022).","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"77757_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1309\/R0KQ-823A-BTC7-MUUJ","volume":"114","author":"H Lepidi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lepidi, H., Fournier, P.-E. & Raoult, D. Quantitative analysis of valvular lesions during Bartonella endocarditis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 114, 880\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/R0KQ-823A-BTC7-MUUJ (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"77757_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322741","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2023.1322741","volume":"3","author":"M Kitamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kitamura, M. et al. Clinicopathological differences between Bartonella and other bacterial endocarditis-related glomerulonephritis\u2014Our experience and a pooled analysis. Front. Nephrol. 3, 1322741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneph.2023.1322741 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nephrol."},{"key":"77757_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12996\/gmj.2020.54","author":"H \u00d6zger","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00d6zger, H., Gulmez, Z., Celebi, B., Kalkan, I. & Dizbay, M. Bartonella quintana endocarditis of the aortic valve: first case report in Turkey. Gazi Med. J.\u00a031, 206\u2013208\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12996\/gmj.2020.54 (2020).","journal-title":"Gazi Med. J."},{"key":"77757_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2768-2778.2001","volume":"39","author":"P Houpikian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Houpikian, P. & Raoult, D. 16S\/23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions for phylogenetic analysis, identification, and subtyping of Bartonella species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 2768\u20132778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2768-2778.2001 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"77757_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.10.014","volume":"54","author":"A Vesty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vesty, A. et al. Evaluation of ssrA-targeted real time PCR for the detection of Bartonella species in human clinical samples and reflex sequencing for species-level identification. Pathology. 54, 449\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.10.014 (2022).","journal-title":"Pathology."},{"key":"77757_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140856","volume":"10","author":"K Klangthong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klangthong, K. et al. The distribution and diversity of Bartonella species in rodents and their ectoparasites across Thailand. PLoS One. 10, e0140856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140856 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"77757_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068956","volume":"8","author":"J-P Buffet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buffet, J.-P. et al. Deciphering Bartonella diversity, recombination, and host specificity in a rodent community. PLoS One. 8, e68956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068956 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"77757_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-012-0033-y","volume":"64","author":"A Paziewska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paziewska, A., Si\u0144ski, E. & Harris, P. D. Recombination, diversity and allele sharing of infectivity proteins between Bartonella species from rodents. Microbial Ecol. 64, 525\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00248-012-0033-y (2012).","journal-title":"Microbial Ecol."},{"key":"77757_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181696","volume":"12","author":"CD McKee","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKee, C. D. et al. Diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Bartonella strains from Thai bats. PLoS One. 12, e0181696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0181696 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"77757_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10684.x","volume":"200","author":"P Houpikian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Houpikian, P. & Raoult, D. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Bartonella: what is the current knowledge?. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 200, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10684.x (2001).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"77757_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.3.641","volume":"64","author":"D Rubenson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rubenson, D. et al. The use of echocardiography in diagnosing culture-negative endocarditis. Circulation. 64, 641\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.64.3.641 (1981).","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"77757_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq004","volume":"11","author":"G Habib","year":"2010","unstructured":"Habib, G., Badano, L., Tribouilloy, C., Vilacosta, I. & Zamorano, J. L. Recommendations for the practice of echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Eur. J. Echocardiogr. 11, 202\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq004 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"77757_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.029868","volume":"90","author":"A Evangelista","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evangelista, A. & Gonzalez-Alujas, M. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Heart. 90, 614\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2003.029868 (2004).","journal-title":"Heart."},{"key":"77757_CR59","unstructured":"Tavanaii Sani, A., Mojtabavi, M. & Bolandnazar, R. Effect of vegetation size on the outcome of infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Arch. Clin. Infect. Dis. 4: 129\u2013134 (2009)."},{"key":"77757_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7440\/res64.2018.03","volume":"46","author":"AG Munera-Echeverri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munera-Echeverri, A. G. & Saldarriaga-Acevedo, C. Clinical, laboratory, microbiological and echocardiographic characteristics of infective endocarditis in a tertiary care hospital. Acta Med. Colomb. 46, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7440\/res64.2018.03 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Med. Colomb."},{"key":"77757_CR61","first-page":"81","volume":"2","author":"T Lejko-Zupanc","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lejko-Zupanc, T., Kozelj, M., Kranjec, I. & Pikelj, F. Right sided endocarditis: Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics. J. Clin. Basic Cardiol. 2, 81\u201384 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Basic Cardiol."},{"key":"77757_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960200210","volume":"20","author":"S Rohmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rohmann, S., Erbel, R., Darius, H., Makowski, T. & Meyer, J. Effect of antibiotic treatment on vegetation size and complication rate in infective endocarditis. Clin. Cardiol. 20, 132\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.4960200210 (1997).","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"77757_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.10.009","volume":"13","author":"BK Siddiqui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siddiqui, B. K. et al. Impact of prior antibiotic use in culture-negative endocarditis: Review of 86 cases from southern Pakistan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 13, 606\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.10.009 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"77757_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivs365","volume":"15","author":"KE Okonta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okonta, K. E. & Adamu, Y. B. What size of vegetation is an indication for surgery in endocarditis?. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thoracic Surg. 15, 1052\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icvts\/ivs365 (2012).","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thoracic Surg."},{"key":"77757_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200107000-00003","volume":"80","author":"P-E Fournier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fournier, P.-E. et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae endocarditis: a study of 48 patients. Medicine. 80, 245\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005792-200107000-00003 (2001).","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"77757_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-8-199610150-00004","volume":"125","author":"D Raoult","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raoult, D. et al. Diagnosis of 22 new cases of Bartonella endocarditis. Ann. Intern. Med. 125, 646\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-125-8-199610150-00004 (1996).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"77757_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.37.6.1899-1905.1999","volume":"37","author":"B La Scola","year":"1999","unstructured":"La Scola, B. & Raoult, D. Culture of Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae from human samples: A 5-year experience (1993 to 1998). J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1899\u20131905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.37.6.1899-1905.1999 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77757-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77757-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77757-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1730296950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77757-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["77757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77757-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Ethics Review Board of the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran approved the present study (Ethical approval codes: IR.UMSHA.REC.1398.1021). Ethical Review Board approved informed consent taken from all the participants and all experiments were performed following relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were not used in the writing process.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}}],"article-number":"26063"}}