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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is capable of causing severe and fatal diseases. We evaluated the antiviral properties of <jats:italic>Aspergillus tamarii<\/jats:italic> SP73-EGY isolate extract against low pathogenic coronavirus (229E), Adeno-7- and Herpes-2 viruses. The extract showed a high selectivity index (SI\u2009=\u200943.4) and a significant inhibition of 229E (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20098.205\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml). It was stronger than the drug control, remdesivir (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200938.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, SI\u2009=\u20097.29).\u00a0However, the extract showed minimal efficacy against Adeno-7- and Herpes-2-Viruses (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200922.52, 47.79\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, and SI\u2009=\u20096.75, 5.08, respectively). It exhibited profound efficacy against the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20098.306\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, SI\u2009=\u200942.2). Kojic acid, the primary component of the extract, showed substantial antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200923.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, SI\u2009=\u20095.6), Remdesivir (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20094.55\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, SI\u2009=\u200961.45). Therefore, the extract demonstrated the most notable antiviral characteristics against coronavirus infection. Co-infecting microorganisms may contribute to immune system deterioration and airway injury caused by SARS-CoV-2. The extract showed significant efficacy against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><jats:bold><jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> with an inhibition range of 3.5\u201310\u00a0mm at a concentration of 200\u00a0mg\/ml. A molecular docking study showed that hexadecanoic, Kojic, octanoic acids, and 4(4-Methylbenzylidene)cyclohexane-1,3-dione have stronger binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 M<jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup> than Remdesivir. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to examine the structural stability and flexibility of these complexes. This confirmed the high binding affinities of Kojic acid and 4(4-Methylbenzylidene)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, thereby proving their potential as novel anti-SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77854-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:07:41Z","timestamp":1735909661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combating COVID-19 and its co-infection by Aspergillus tamarii SP73-EGY using in vitro and in silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eman","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal Mosad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"El-Rashedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Abdel-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omnia","family":"Kutkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faten K. 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