{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:39:25Z","timestamp":1788050365167,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This publication has been supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology","award":["OTKA PD 138935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA PD 138935"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77904-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T06:02:46Z","timestamp":1730613766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cognitive, affective and sociological predictors of school performance in mathematics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Bernadett","family":"Svraka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Lasker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter Przemyslaw","family":"Ujma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"77904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/RR1557","volume-title":"Learning from Summer: Effects of Voluntary Summer Learning Programs on Low-Income Urban Youth","author":"C Augustine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Augustine, C. et al. Learning from Summer: Effects of Voluntary Summer Learning Programs on Low-Income Urban Youth (RAND Corporation, 2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/RR1557"},{"key":"77904_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00508","volume":"7","author":"A Dowker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dowker, A., Sarkar, A. & Looi, C. Y. Mathematics anxiety: what have we learned in 60 years?. Front. Psychol. 7, 508 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7249\/RR2836","volume-title":"Investing in successful summer programs: A review of evidence under the every student succeeds act","author":"J McCombs","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCombs, J. et al. Investing in Successful Summer Programs: A Review of Evidence under the every Student Succeeds act (RAND Corporation, 2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/RR2836"},{"key":"77904_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0013189X1983285","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X19832850","volume":"48","author":"H Lortie-Forgues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lortie-Forgues, H. & Inglis, M. Rigorous large-scale Educational RCTs are often uninformative: should we be concerned?. Educational Researcher 48, 0013189X1983285 (2019).","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"77904_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2007.06.001","volume":"36","author":"W Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson, W., Nijenhuis, J. & Bouchard, T. J. Still just 1\u00a0g: consistent results from five test batteries. Intelligence. 36, 81\u201395 (2008).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000687","author":"A Pokropek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pokropek, A., Marks, G. N. & Borgonovi, F. How much do students\u2019 scores in PISA reflect general intelligence and how much do they reflect specific abilities? J. Educ. Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/edu0000687 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2017.05.001","volume":"63","author":"S Sa\u00df","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sa\u00df, S., Kampa, N. & K\u00f6ller, O. The interplay of g and mathematical abilities in large-scale assessments across grades. Intelligence. 63, 33\u201344 (2017).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00687.x","volume":"15","author":"MC Frey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frey, M. C. & Detterman, D. K. Scholastic Assessment or g? The relationship between the Scholastic Assessment Test and general cognitive ability. Psychol. Sci. 15, 373\u2013378 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2007.03.005","volume":"36","author":"KA Koenig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koenig, K. A., Frey, M. C. & Detterman, D. K. ACT and general cognitive ability. Intelligence. 36, 153\u2013160 (2008).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000195","volume":"145","author":"LE Engelhardt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engelhardt, L. E. et al. Strong genetic overlap between executive functions and intelligence. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 145, 1141\u20131159 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"77904_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2015.09.002","volume":"53","author":"B Roth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roth, B. et al. Intelligence and school grades: a meta-analysis. Intelligence. 53, 118\u2013137 (2015).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000182","volume":"145","author":"P Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng, P., Wang, T., Wang, C. & Lin, X. A meta-analysis on the relation between fluid intelligence and reading\/mathematics: effects of tasks, age, and social economics status. Psychol. Bull. 145, 189\u2013236 (2019).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"77904_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2018.10.001","volume":"71","author":"BA Zaboski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaboski, B. A., Kranzler, J. H. & Gage, N. A. Meta-analysis of the relationship between academic achievement and broad abilities of the Cattell-horn-Carroll theory. J. Sch. Psychol. 71, 42\u201356 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2024.101816","volume":"103","author":"M Breit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Breit, M., Scherrer, V. & Preckel, F. How useful are specific cognitive ability scores? An investigation of their stability and incremental validity beyond general intelligence. Intelligence. 103, 101816 (2024).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR15","unstructured":"Marks, G. N. Education is not about SES. HERJ Hung. Educational Res. J. (2018)."},{"key":"77904_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543075003417","volume":"75","author":"SR Sirin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sirin, S. R. Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a Meta-Analytic Review of Research. Rev. Educ. Res. 75, 417\u2013453 (2005).","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"77904_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11991-1","volume-title":"Socioeconomic Inequality and Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Twenty Years of TIMSS","author":"M Broer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broer, M., Bai, Y. & Fonseca, F. Socioeconomic Inequality and Educational Outcomes: Evidence from Twenty Years of TIMSSvol. 5 (Springer International Publishing, 2019)."},{"key":"77904_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"62","author":"TN Hopfenbeck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hopfenbeck, T. N. et al. Lessons learned from PISA: a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles on the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scandinavian J. Educational Res. 62, 1\u201321 (2017).","journal-title":"Scandinavian J. Educational Res."},{"key":"77904_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marks, G. N. & O\u2019Connell, M. Inadequacies in the SES\u2013Achievement model: Evidence from PISA and other studies. Rev. Educ. 9, (2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/rev3.3293"},{"key":"77904_CR20","first-page":"916","volume-title":"The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (A Free Press Paperbacks Book)","author":"RJ Herrnstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herrnstein, R. J. & Murray, C. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (a Free Press Paperbacks Book)916 (Free, 2010)."},{"key":"77904_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2022.101686","volume":"94","author":"GN Marks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marks, G. N. Cognitive ability has powerful, widespread and robust effects on social stratification: evidence from the 1979 and 1997 US National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth. Intelligence. 94, 101686 (2022).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015115","volume":"101","author":"SA Hart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hart, S. A., Petrill, S. A., Thompson, L. A. & Plomin, R. The abcs of math: a genetic analysis of mathematics and its links with reading ability and general cognitive ability. J. Educ. Psychol. 101, 388 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2005.05.002","volume":"33","author":"Y Kovas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kovas, Y., Harlaar, N., Petrill, S. A. & Plomin, R. Generalist genes and mathematics in 7-year-old twins. Intelligence. 33, 473\u2013489 (2005).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0147-3","volume":"50","author":"JJ Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, J. J. et al. Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals. Nat. Genet. 50, 1112\u20131121 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"77904_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15273","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408777111","volume":"111","author":"E Krapohl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krapohl, E. et al. The high heritability of educational achievement reflects many genetically influenced traits, not just intelligence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 111, 15273\u201315278 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"77904_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2008.02.001","volume":"19","author":"A Furnham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Furnham, A. & Monsen, J. Personality traits and intelligence predict academic school grades. Learn. Individ Differ. 19, 28\u201333 (2009).","journal-title":"Learn. Individ Differ."},{"key":"77904_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00196","volume":"11","author":"MH Ashcraft","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ashcraft, M. H. Math anxiety: personal, educational, and cognitive consequences. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 11, 181\u2013185 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2307\/749455","volume":"21","author":"R Hembree","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hembree, R. The nature, effects, and relief of mathematics anxiety. J. Res. Math. Educ. 21, 33 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Res. Math. Educ."},{"key":"77904_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.80.2.210","volume":"80","author":"A Wigfield","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wigfield, A. & Meece, J. L. Math anxiety in elementary and secondary school students. J. Educ. Psychol. 80, 210\u2013216 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813775","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.813775","volume":"13","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. The impact of sleep quality on subjective wellbeing among older adults with multimorbidity: a moderated mediation model. Front. Psychol. 13, 813775 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2017.11.014","volume":"61","author":"FL Schillinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schillinger, F. L., Vogel, S. E., Diedrich, J. & Grabner, R. H. Math anxiety, intelligence, and performance in mathematics: insights from the German adaptation of the abbreviated Math anxiety scale (AMAS-G). Learn. Individ Differ. 61, 109\u2013119 (2018).","journal-title":"Learn. Individ Differ."},{"key":"77904_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(98)00019-X","volume":"12","author":"DR Hopko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hopko, D. R., Ashcraft, M. H., Gute, J., Ruggiero, K. J. & Lewis, C. Mathematics anxiety and working memory: support for the existence of a deficient inhibition mechanism. J. Anxiety Disord. 12, 343\u2013355 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"77904_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14722","volume":"1510","author":"S Pellizzoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pellizzoni, S., Cargnelutti, E., Cuder, A. & Passolunghi, M. C. The interplay between math anxiety and working memory on math performance: a longitudinal study. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 1510, 132\u2013144 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2022.103298","volume":"100","author":"N Korem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korem, N., Cohen, L. D. & Rubinsten, O. The link between math anxiety and performance does not depend on working memory: a network analysis study. Conscious. Cogn. 100, 103298 (2022).","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"77904_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.06.008","volume":"16","author":"EA Maloney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maloney, E. A. & Beilock, S. L. Math anxiety: who has it, why it develops, and how to guard against it. Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul Ed). 16, 404\u2013406 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul Ed)"},{"key":"77904_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2014.09.004","volume":"103","author":"MI N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2014","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Pe\u00f1a, M. I. & Su\u00e1rez-Pellicioni, M. Less precise representation of numerical magnitude in high math-anxious individuals: an ERP study of the size and distance effects. Biol. Psychol. 103, 176\u2013183 (2014).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615602471","volume":"26","author":"Z Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Is math anxiety always bad for math learning? The role of math motivation. Psychol. Sci. 26, 1863\u20131876 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diagnostic and StatisticAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) Al Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). (American Psychiatric Association, (2013).","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"77904_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1024\/2235-0977\/a000294","volume":"9","author":"L Kaufmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaufmann, L., von Aster, M., G\u00f6bel, S. M., Marksteiner, J. & Klein, E. Developmental dyscalculia in adults. Lernen Und Lernst\u00f6rungen. 9, 126\u2013137 (2020).","journal-title":"Lernen Und Lernst\u00f6rungen"},{"key":"77904_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64148-9.00005-3","volume":"174","author":"E Castaldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castaldi, E., Piazza, M. & Iuculano, T. Learning disabilities: Developmental Dyscalculia. Handb. Clin. Neurol. 174, 61\u201375 (2020).","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"77904_CR41","unstructured":"Grigore, M. Towards a standard diagnostic tool for dyscalculia in school children (2020)."},{"key":"77904_CR42","volume-title":"Dyscalculia Screener: Highlighting pupils with specific learning difficulties in maths","author":"B Butterworth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Butterworth, B. Dyscalculia Screener: Highlighting Pupils with Specific Learning Difficulties in Maths (nferNelson Publishing Company Limited, 2003)."},{"key":"77904_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2006.12.006","volume":"16","author":"A Desoete","year":"2006","unstructured":"Desoete, A. & Gr\u00e9goire, J. Numerical competence in young children and in children with mathematics learning disabilities. Learn. Individ Differ. 16, 351\u2013367 (2006).","journal-title":"Learn. Individ Differ."},{"key":"77904_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.01.074","volume":"33","author":"F Gliga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gliga, F. & Gliga, T. Romanian screening instrument for dyscalculia. Procedia - Social Behav. Sci. 33, 15\u201319 (2012).","journal-title":"Procedia - Social Behav. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR45","first-page":"107","volume":"116","author":"S Haberstroh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haberstroh, S. & Schulte-K\u00f6rne, G. The diagnosis and treatment of dyscalculia. Dtsch. Arztebl Int. 116, 107\u2013114 (2019).","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl Int."},{"key":"77904_CR46","unstructured":"Ogbogo, S. & Opara, I. M. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Dyscalculia Test. Int. J. Educ. 9, (2021)."},{"key":"77904_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.31074\/gyn201812454","volume":"6","author":"V Polg\u00e1rdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polg\u00e1rdi, V., L\u00e1z, C. & D\u00e9k\u00e1ny, J. Alapismeretek a diszkalkulia pedag\u00f3giai vizsg\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l. GYN. 6, 24\u201354 (2018).","journal-title":"GYN"},{"key":"77904_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, F. H. et al. Discerning developmental dyscalculia and neurodevelopmental models of numerical cognition in a disadvantaged educational context. Brain Sci. 12, (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050653"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"77904_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II41","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870070008","volume":"9","author":"M von Aster","year":"2000","unstructured":"von Aster, M. Developmental cognitive neuropsychology of number processing and calculation: varieties of developmental dyscalculia. Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry. 9 (Suppl 2), II41\u201357 (2000).","journal-title":"Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"77904_CR50","first-page":"767","volume":"109","author":"L Kaufmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaufmann, L. & von Aster, M. The diagnosis and management of dyscalculia. Dtsch. Arztebl Int. 109, 767\u2013777 (2012). quiz 778.","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl Int."},{"key":"77904_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194059","volume":"14","author":"MH Ashcraft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ashcraft, M. H. & Krause, J. A. Working memory, math performance, and math anxiety. Psychon Bull. Rev. 14, 243\u2013248 (2007).","journal-title":"Psychon Bull. Rev."},{"key":"77904_CR52","unstructured":"R\u00e9z, I. N. et al. WISC-IV: A Wechsler Gyermek Intelligenciateszt Leg\u00fajabb V\u00e1ltozata (Hungarian Version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2014Fourth Edition, WISC-IV) (OS Hungary Tesztfejleszt\u00f5,\u00a02008)."},{"key":"77904_CR53","volume-title":"Tapasztalatok a WISC\u2013IV gyermek-intelligenciateszt magyarorsz\u00e1gi standardiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l","author":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 et al. Tapasztalatok a WISC\u2013IV gyermek-intelligenciateszt magyarorsz\u00e1gi standardiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l (Educatio T\u00e1rsadalmi Szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3 Kht, 2008)."},{"key":"77904_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282913478030","volume":"31","author":"LG Weiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weiss, L. G., Keith, T. Z., Zhu, J. & Chen, H. WAIS-IV and Clinical Validation of the four- and five-factor interpretative approaches. J. Psychoeduc Assess. 31, 94\u2013113 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Psychoeduc Assess."},{"key":"77904_CR55","unstructured":"UNESCO. International Standard Classification of Education, ISCED 2011 (2012)."},{"key":"77904_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.31074\/gyntf.2022.3.190.204","volume":"10","author":"B Svraka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Svraka, B. & \u00c1d\u00e1m, S. Prevalence of cognitive and affective factors influencing mathematical performance. GYNTF. 10, 190\u2013204 (2022).","journal-title":"GYNTF"},{"key":"77904_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033456","volume":"19","author":"FC Richardson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Richardson, F. C. & Suinn, R. M. The Mathematics anxiety rating scale: psychometric data. J. Couns. Psychol. 19, 551\u2013554 (1972).","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447","volume":"30","author":"JL Horn","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horn, J. L. & A RATIONALE AND TEST FOR THE NUMBER OF FACTORS IN FACTOR ANALYSIS. Psychometrika. 30, 179\u2013185 (1965).","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"77904_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317742810","volume":"31","author":"E Foverskov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Foverskov, E. et al. Socioeconomic position across the life course and cognitive ability later in life: the importance of considering early cognitive ability. J. Aging Health. 31, 947\u2013966 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"77904_CR60","volume-title":"Human Diversity: The Biology of Gender, Race, and Class","author":"C Murray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murray, C. Human Diversity: The Biology of Gender, Race, and Class529 (Twelve, 2020)."},{"key":"77904_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2020.101511","volume":"84","author":"M O\u2019Connell","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell, M. & Marks, G. N. Are the effects of intelligence on student achievement and well-being largely functions of family income and social class? Evidence from a longitudinal study of Irish adolescents. Intelligence. 84, 101511 (2021).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2013.54","volume":"16","author":"TJ Bouchard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bouchard, T. J. The Wilson Effect: the increase in heritability of IQ with age. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 16, 923\u2013930 (2013).","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"77904_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721413485087","volume":"22","author":"EM Tucker-Drob","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tucker-Drob, E. M., Briley, D. A. & Harden, K. P. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Cognition Across Development and Context. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 22, 349\u2013355 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"77904_CR64","unstructured":"Ogbogo, S. & Orluwene, G. W. Psychometric analysis of Dyscalculia Test. Br. J. Educ. 9, (2021)."},{"key":"77904_CR65","unstructured":"Olkun, S., Altun, A., Gocer Sahin, S. & Kaya, G. Psychometric Properties of a Screening Tool for Elementary School Student\u2019s Math Learning Disorder Risk. Online Submission (2016)."},{"key":"77904_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2021.1879046","volume":"18","author":"D ten Braak","year":"2021","unstructured":"ten Braak, D. & St\u00f8rksen, I. Psychometric properties of the Ani Banani Math Test. Eur. J. Dev. Psychol. 18, 610\u2013628 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1707061","volume":"56","author":"O Gonzalez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonzalez, O., MacKinnon, D. P. & Muniz, F. B. Extrinsic convergent validity evidence to prevent jingle and jangle fallacies. Multivar. Behav. Res. 56, 3\u201319 (2021).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"77904_CR68","volume-title":"The abilities of man","author":"C Spearman","year":"1927","unstructured":"Spearman, C. The Abilities of man (Macmillan, 1927)."},{"key":"77904_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003634","volume":"31","author":"JR Crawford","year":"2001","unstructured":"Crawford, J. R., Deary, I. J., Starr, J. & Whalley, L. J. The NART as an index of prior intellectual functioning: a retrospective validity study covering a 66-year interval. Psychol. Med. 31, 451\u2013458 (2001).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"77904_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2006.02.001","volume":"35","author":"IJ Deary","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deary, I. J., Strand, S., Smith, P. & Fernandes, C. Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence. 35, 13\u201321 (2007).","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"77904_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001045","volume":"46","author":"D Dykiert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dykiert, D., Der, G., Starr, J. M. & Deary, I. J. Why is mini-mental state examination performance correlated with estimated premorbid cognitive ability? Psychol. Med. 46, 2647\u20132654 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"77904_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lasker, J. Are piagetian scales just intelligence tests? (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/4bqc5","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/4bqc5"},{"key":"77904_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.08.015","volume":"46","author":"JP Jamieson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jamieson, J. P., Mendes, W. B., Blackstock, E. & Schmader, T. Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 46, 208\u2013212 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"77904_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000013","volume":"20","author":"D Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park, D., Ramirez, G. & Beilock, S. L. The role of expressive writing in math anxiety. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 103\u2013111 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Appl."},{"key":"77904_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1199427","volume":"331","author":"G Ramirez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramirez, G. & Beilock, S. L. Writing about testing worries boosts exam performance in the classroom. Science. 331, 211\u2013213 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"77904_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Zhao, N. & Kong, Q. P. The relationship between Math anxiety and Math Performance: a Meta-Analytic Investigation. Front. Psychol. 10, (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01613"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77904-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77904-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77904-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T09:11:52Z","timestamp":1730884312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77904-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["77904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77904-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26480"}}