{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:49:34Z","timestamp":1791384574803,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    VE-cadherin (VEC) is a major endothelial adhesion protein, which controls vascular homeostasis. During vascular diseases, VEC can be shed from the endothelial surface by proteases like ADAM10\/17, which cleave the extracellular domain of VEC in response to inflammatory cytokines like TNF-\u03b1. The resulting, soluble fragments (sVEC) are discussed as a potential marker for endothelial barrier breakdown. However, its pathologic role or its potential as a specific biomarker for aortic diseases is yet unknown. Here we investigated the specificity and linkage of sVEC production with ADAM10\/17 and TNF-\u03b1, both in vitro and in patients with aortic aneurysms and dissections, comparing the findings with those from patients with carotid stenosis and varicosis. Thereby, the baseline levels of sVEC, TNF-\u03b1, ADAM10 and Albumin was measured in clinical plasma samples and cell culture supernatants of human aortic endothelial cells (HAOEC) treated with TNF-\u03b1 or ADAM10\/17 inhibitors. The integrity of HAOEC monolayers was tested by permeability assays using Alexa488-conjugated dextran (10\u00a0kDa). Peripheral EDTA plasma samples taken preoperatively from patients\u2009\u2265\u200918 years of age that were diagnosed for aortic dissection (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200929), aortic aneurysm (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200976), carotid stenosis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200929) and varicose veins (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924) were included. In vitro shedding of VEC was induced by TNF-\u03b1 and depends on ADAM10\/17, which led to altered endothelial permeability. Absolute plasma sVEC levels in patients with aortic dissection (3016\u2009\u00b1\u20091008 ng\/mL) and aneurysm (3288\u2009\u00b1\u20091376 ng\/mL) were not statistically significantly different from patients with carotid stenosis (3013\u2009\u00b1\u2009687.6 ng\/mL) and varicose veins (3313\u2009\u00b1\u20091337 ng\/mL). Plasma sVEC levels correlated positively with plasma TNF-\u03b1 (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.5586,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and ADAM10 (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.7003,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) levels with the highest degree of correlation between ADAM10 and sVEC for chronic aortic dissection (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.7890,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0013), reflecting TNF-\u03b1 and ADAM10 dependency of VEC shedding. In summary, VEC shedding and (plasma) sVEC levels are influenced by TNF-\u03b1 and ADAM10\/17 and could play a relevant role in the specific pathophysiological context of aortic diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77940-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T01:02:21Z","timestamp":1730768541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["VE-cadherin shedding in vitro and in patients with aortic aneurysm and dissection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Stammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inka","family":"Terhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulhakim","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Oberhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Eierhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"77940_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx226","volume":"114","author":"S Mundi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mundi, S. et al. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc. Res. 114, 35\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvx226 (2018).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"77940_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.01.031","volume":"408","author":"J Brasch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brasch, J. et al. Structure and binding mechanism of vascular endothelial cadherin: A divergent classical cadherin. J. Mol. Biol. 408, 57\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.01.031 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"77940_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E16-09-0658","volume":"28","author":"W Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su, W. & Kowalczyk, A. P. The VE-cadherin cytoplasmic domain undergoes proteolytic processing during endocytosis. Mol. Biol. Cell. 28, 76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.E16-09-0658 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell."},{"key":"77940_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1694","volume":"56","author":"D Navaratna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Navaratna, D., McGuire, P. G., Menicucci, G. & Das, A. Proteolytic degradation of VE-cadherin alters the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes. Diabetes 56, 2380\u20132387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db06-1694 (2007).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"77940_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.169805","volume":"102","author":"B Schulz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schulz, B. et al. ADAM10 regulates endothelial permeability and T-Cell transmigration by proteolysis of vascular endothelial cadherin. Circ. Res. 102, 1192\u20131201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.169805 (2008).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"77940_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108049","volume":"26","author":"JL Knop","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knop, J. L. et al. Endothelial barrier dysfunction in systemic inflammation is mediated by soluble VE-cadherin interfering VE-PTP signaling. iScience 26, 108049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108049 (2023).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"77940_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.213124","volume":"30","author":"MM Donners","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donners, M. M. et al. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 is a novel mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell function in angiogenesis and is associated with atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol. 30, 2188\u20132195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.213124 (2010).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol."},{"key":"77940_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022257","author":"C Puy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Puy, C. et al. Coagulation factor XI regulates endothelial cell permeability and barrier function in vitro and in vivo. Blood https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2023022257 (2024).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"77940_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv144","volume":"107","author":"S Flemming","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flemming, S. et al. Soluble VE-cadherin is involved in endothelial barrier breakdown in systemic inflammation and sepsis. Cardiovasc. Res. 107, 32\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvv144 (2015).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"77940_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00772-023-00995-5","volume":"28","author":"A Oberhuber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oberhuber, A. et al. Interdisciplinary German clinical practice guidelines on the management of type B aortic dissection. Gef\u00e4sschirurgie. 28, 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00772-023-00995-5 (2023).","journal-title":"Gef\u00e4sschirurgie"},{"key":"77940_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.12.039","volume":"412","author":"D Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen, D., Zhou, X. L., Li, J. J. & Hui, R. T. Biomarkers in aortic dissection. Clin. Chim. Acta 412, 688\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2010.12.039 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"77940_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.1109\/Jbhi.2024.3407542","volume":"28","author":"YQ Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, Y. Q., Wang, W. Z., Dev, K. & Gadekallu, T. R. Guest editorial real-time healthcare monitoring with IoT networks. Ieee J. Biomed. Health 28, 3796\u20133797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/Jbhi.2024.3407542 (2024).","journal-title":"Ieee J. Biomed. Health"},{"key":"77940_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144730","author":"S Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, S., Li, X., Jiang, H. & Zhang, J. High Serum VE-Cadherin and Vinculin Concentrations Are Markers of the Disruption of Vascular Integrity during Type B Acute Aortic Dissection. J. Clin. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12144730 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"77940_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313181","volume":"123","author":"M Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen, M., Hu, M., Fedak, P. W. M., Oudit, G. Y. & Kassiri, Z. Cell-specific functions of ADAM17 regulate the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Circ. Res. 123, 372\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313181 (2018).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"77940_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-6060(97)90017-9","volume":"122","author":"NA Tamarina","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tamarina, N. A., McMillan, W. D., Shively, V. P. & Pearce, W. H. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in aneurysms and normal aorta. Surgery 122, 264\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-6060(97)90017-9 (1997). discussion 271\u2009\u2013\u2009262.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"77940_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.18.10.1625","volume":"18","author":"V Davis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Davis, V. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 production and its binding to the matrix are increased in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol. 18, 1625\u20131633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.atv.18.10.1625 (1998).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc Biol."},{"key":"77940_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lombardi, J. V. et al. investigators S. Prospective multicenter clinical trial (STABLE) on the endovascular treatment of complicated type B aortic dissection using a composite device design. J Vasc Surg. ;55:629\u2013640 e622. doi: (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.10.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.10.022"},{"key":"77940_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.11.124","volume":"53","author":"RA White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White, R. A. et al. Report on the results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute, complicated, type B aortic dissection at 30 days and 1 year from a multidisciplinary subcommittee of the Society for Vascular Surgery Outcomes Committee. J. Vasc. Surg. 53, 1082\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.11.124 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Vasc Surg."},{"key":"77940_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14002","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300351200","volume":"278","author":"B Hermant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hermant, B. et al. Identification of proteases involved in the proteolysis of vascular endothelium cadherin during neutrophil transmigration. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 14002\u201314012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M300351200 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"77940_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0114-9","volume":"16","author":"J Golledge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golledge, J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: update on pathogenesis and medical treatments. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 16, 225\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-018-0114-9 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"77940_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16053","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.53","volume":"2","author":"CA Nienaber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nienaber, C. A. et al. Aortic dissection. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2, 16053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2016.53 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"77940_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33336","volume":"64","author":"A Sidibe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sidibe, A. et al. Soluble VE-cadherin in rheumatoid arthritis patients correlates with disease activity: Evidence for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced VE-cadherin cleavage. Arthritis Rheum. 64, 77\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.33336 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"77940_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076250","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1076250","volume":"11","author":"J Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, J. et al. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate exerts a specific effect on VE-cadherin phosphorylation and alters the integrity of aortic endothelial cells. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 11, 1076250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1076250 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"77940_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.004","volume":"30","author":"Z Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, Z. et al. Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Cell. Host Microbe. 30, 1450\u20131463e1458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.004 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell. Host Microbe"},{"key":"77940_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092360","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1092360","volume":"14","author":"F Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, F. et al. Changes in the gut microbiome of patients with type a aortic dissection. Front. Microbiol. 14, 1092360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1092360 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"77940_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060573","volume":"147","author":"TW Benson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benson, T. W. et al. Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm through inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms. Circulation 147, 1079\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060573 (2023).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"77940_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143570","author":"GB Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, G. B., Zhang, Y., Boini, K. M. & Koka, S. High Mobility Group Box 1 Mediates TMAO-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20143570 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"77940_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512525","author":"L Bouillet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bouillet, L. et al. Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelialitis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence for VE-Cadherin Cleavage by ACE2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241512525 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"77940_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11902","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01042-08","volume":"82","author":"LW Qian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Qian, L. W., Greene, W., Ye, F. & Gao, S. J. Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus disrupts adherens junctions and increases endothelial permeability by inducing degradation of VE-cadherin. J. Virol. 82, 11902\u201311912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01042-08 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"77940_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.04.013","volume":"118","author":"T Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, T. et al. Increased serum soluble vascular endothelial cadherin levels in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 118, 704\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2017.04.013 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"77940_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001003800433","volume":"38","author":"RY Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, R. Y. et al. Increased levels of soluble vascular endothelial cadherin are associated with poor outcome in severe sepsis. J. Int. Med. Res. 38, 1497\u20131506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/147323001003800433 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"77940_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.06.030","volume":"34","author":"KA Marill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marill, K. A. Serum D-dimer is a sensitive test for the detection of acute aortic dissection: A pooled meta-analysis. J. Emerg. Med. 34, 367\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.06.030 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"77940_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12215","volume":"18","author":"I Ebihara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ebihara, I. et al. Soluble vascular endothelial-cadherin levels in patients with sepsis treated with direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column. Ther. Apher Dial 18, 272\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12215 (2014).","journal-title":"Ther. Apher Dial"},{"key":"77940_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069290","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2069290","volume":"2016","author":"J Mikula-Pietrasik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mikula-Pietrasik, J. et al. Serum from varicose patients induces senescence-related dysfunction of vascular endothelium generating local and systemic proinflammatory conditions. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2016, 2069290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2069290 (2016).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"77940_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.046250","volume":"61","author":"MJ Collins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Collins, M. J., Dev, V., Strauss, B. H., Fedak, P. W. & Butany, J. Variation in the histopathological features of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms: A study of 111 surgically excised cases. J. Clin. Pathol. 61, 519\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2006.046250 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77940-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77940-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77940-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T01:04:39Z","timestamp":1730768679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-77940-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["77940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-77940-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"26743"}}